282 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig, 
Fig. 
Fig. 
18, 
19, 
20. 
21, 
22. 
23. 
24. 
25. 
26. 
27 
EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 
. Portion of tip of one of the ramuscles—spermogoniferous—more highly magnified., 
. Section of the compound spermogones of A. Taylori: a, ostioles ; b, cavity of spermogone. 
. Sterigmata a and spermatia b of same species. 
. Alectoria jubata, Ach.; Scherer’s “Lich. Helvet. exsic.,” Nos. 392 and 496, showing the 
pycnides at the angles of the ramules. 
Sterigmata and stylospores of same species: a, sterigmata or basidia; b, stylospores, still 
fixed or adherent to the sterigmata; c, free stylospores, apparently devoid of contents ; 
d, free stylospores, with nucleiform contents. 
A. lata, Tayl., Nyl., from Mexico. Sterigmata a and spermatia b, 
Chlorea vulvina, Nyl., from Germany, showing the black punctiform spermogones at a. 
Portion of the same thallus more highly magnified, showing the spermogones more dis- 
tinctly. 
Chlorea vulpina growing on the Wellingtonea gigantea of California: a, punctiform spermo- 
gones; 6, Phacopsis vulpina, Tul., parasitic on its thallus. 
Portion of the thallus of C. vulpina, highly magnified, showing the small barrel-like or 
wart-shaped spermogones a. 
Section of a spermogone of C. vulpina: a, ostiole; 6, cavity; c, walls, consisting of sterig- 
mata; d, gonidic layer of thallus; e, medullary tissue of thallus; f, cortical layer of 
thallus. 
C. vulpina ; Scherer exs., 390. 
C. vulpina; Rocky Mountains. Sterigmata a; spermatia 6; basal cellular tissue c. 
. C. vulpina; Germany. 
Pruate V. 
Illustrative of the genera Evernia, Ach., Nyl.; Ramazina, Ach., Fr.; and Tuamnoxta, Ach., Scher. 
Fig. 1. Evernia furfuracea, Mann.; Scherer exs., 387. Portion of extremity of thalline seements : 
Fig, 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 
Fig. 12. R. ceruchis, Ach.; Chili. Sterigmata a and spermatia 0. m 
a, minute punctiform spermogones ; b, brown tips of ramuscles, resembling spermogones 
of Cladonia ; c, furfuraceous or isidioid warts of thallus. 
. E. furfuracea; Ingleborough, Yorkshire: a, punctiform immersed spermogones; }, brown 
tips of ramuscles, resembling the spermogones of Cladonia. 
. E. furfuracea ; Scherer exs., 387. Sterigmataa; spermatia b; sterile elongated filaments 
of spermogone c ; basal cellular tissue d. 
. E. furfuracea ; Orizaba, Mexico. Sterigmata a and spermatia b. 
. E, Richardsoni, Hook. Portion of thallus magnified, showing the marginal spermogones, 
resembling those of Cetraria Islandica : a, seated on marginal processes ; b, immediately 
marginal. 
. Ramalina calicaris, Fr., var. fraxinea, Fr. (= ampliata of authors), Hepp. exs., 167: a, 
apothecia; b, wart-like spermogones. 
. Portion of the thallus more highly magnified, showing the very irregular spermogones, and 
their pale ostioles a. 
. Section of the thallus of same species, showing spermogones a in different stages of develop- 
ment; b, ostioles. sf 
. R. calicaris, var. fravinea, Sterigmata a, spermatia b, and network of elongated branching 
filaments c, which fill the spermogonal cavity: basal cellular tissue d. 
. RB. calicaris, var. fraxinea. Section of a spermogone: a, ostiole; b, cavity divided into 
several compartments, with sinuous walls; c, inner wall of spermogone, consisting of 
sterigmata; d, gonidic layer of thallus ; e, medullary tissue ; /, cortical layer of thallus. 
. R, calicaris, var. fravinea, Scherer exs., 554. Sterigmata a and spermatia b. 
i 

