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EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 283 
Ramalina scopulorum, Ach.; Leighton exs.,2. Portion of thallus, showing a, apothecium ; 
b, irregular wart-like spermogones, mostly with black-punctate ostioles. 
R. scopulorum, Scherer exs., 554. Sterigmata a and spermatia b. 
R. polymorpha, Ach.; Leighton exs., 73. Thallus very much warted with confluent sper- 
mogones a. 
R. terebrata, Tayl. Flat thalline segments covered with irregular spermogonal warts. 
Portion of thallus more highly magnified to show the irregular spermogonal warts, and 
their pale ostioles 0. 
Sterigmata a, spermatia b, sterile branching filaments c, which occupy the cavity of the 
spermogone in the same species; basal cellular tissue d. 
Thamnolia vermicularis, Scher., Falkland Islands, dotted over with the parasitic Lecidea 
vermicularia mihi a, 
T. vermicularis, Scherer exs., 86; bearing large, distinct, wart-like spermogones aa. 
Some of the same spermogones more highly magnified, showing the very pale, inconspicuous, 
stellate-fissured ostiole a. 
Section of one of the same spermogones: a, ostiole; 6, cavity ; c, inner wall formed of 
articulated sterigmata; d, gonidia.; e, medullary tissue of thallus; f, cortical tissue of 
thallus. 
Sterigmata a and spermatia b from same specimen (Scheer. exs., 86). 
Section through the thallus of 7. vermicularis, showing the immersed apothecia of Lecidea 
vermicularia : a, with a convex surface ; b, with a flat or sub-depressed surface ; c, young, 
not yet bursting through the cortical layer of thallus. 
Spores of Lecidea vermicularia ; Falkland Islands. 
Prats VI. 
Illustrative of the genera Roccetxta, Bauh.; Dactyxiina, Nyl.; Durourza, Ach., Nyl.; 
13. 
14. 
Acroscypuus, Lév., Tul.; Srerzocauton, Schreb. ; and Spumropuoron, Pers. 
. Roccella fuciformis, Ach., dotted over with black, punctiform, immersed spermogones. 
. Portion of the thallus more highly magnified, showing some of the spermogones to be 
papilleform ; the black ostiole seated on the apex of a thalline papilla. 
. R. fuciformis, Ach,; Scherer exs,, 553. Portion of the thallus magnified, showing the 
confluent ostioles, seated on the apices of large, irregular, thalline papille. 
. RK. fuciformis, Ach.; west coast of Africa; used in the manufacture of Orchil by Messrs 
Robinson, Huddersfield. Portion of thallus magnified, showing the punctiform spermo- 
gones scattered alike over the apothecia a and thallus. 
. Section through the spermogones of R, fuciformis, showing their papilleform character, 
and the frequently depressed ostiole a. 
. Sterigmata and spermatia of R. fuciformis, Ach.; Africa. 
. R.tinctoria, Ach. Thickest Lima “ Orchella Weed.” Portion of thallus, showing difform 
apothecia a, and punctiform or sub-papilleform spermogones 6. 
. Section through same spermogones, showing the depressed form of ostiole a. 
. Portion of thallus of same species magnified, showing the papilleform spermogones a. 
. Portion of thallus of same species magnified, showing a difform apothecium a, and confluent 
ostioles seated on large irregular thalline papille 6. 
. Two spermogones of same species more highly magnified, showing the confluent ostioles a. 
. Sterigmata and spermatia of the same species. Figs. 8-12 are taken from Lima specimens 
of commercial Orchella Weed. 
Sterigmata and spermatia from other specimens of R. tinctoria, Ach. 
Free, curved, or twisted spermatia of the same spccies. 
