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EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 
. Parmelia physodes, Ach.; Cleveland, Yorkshire. Portion of a thalline lacinia, showing 
parasitic fungi a, associated with the punctiform spermogones of P, physodes; and 
b, marginal soredia. 
. P. physodes, Ach.; Scher. exs., 367. Portion of thallus, showing brown, sent 
lecidine spermogones a, and marginal or terminal Sereda b. 
. P. physodes, Ach.; Moncreiffe Hill, Perth; bearing on its thallus the parasitic Lecidea 
Smith, Tul. a; b, terminal soredia ; c, cavities left by the falling out of the apothecia 
of L. Smith ; d, punctiform or papillaform pycnides of L. Smithii. 
. Section through the above thallus, showing the relative position and size of the apothecia a, 
and pyenides 6, of L. Smith. 
. Spores of Lecidea Smithii, Tul. 
. P. physodes, Ach.; Ardrum, Cork, Sterigmata and spermatia, as well as the network (a) 
of ramose filaments, which occupy the spermogonal cavity. 
a. P. physodes, Ach., var. enteromorpha, Ach.; Tasmania. Portion of thallus bearing an 
apothecium a, and punctiform spermogones 6, on broad bullose lacinie. 8 b shows 
another specimen of the same plant, with narrow segments, bearing at their ends the 
same punctiform spermogones c. 
. P. physodes, Ach., var. enteromorpha, Ach.; Falkland Islands. Sterigmata, spermatia, and 
ramose spermogonal filaments. 
. P, Kamtschadalis, Ach.; California. Portion of thallus, bearing apothecia a, and puncti- 
form spermogones b. 
. Sterigmata, spermatia, and ramose spermogonal filaments of the same plant, 
. P. encausta, Ach.; Hepp. exs.,40. Portion of thallus, showing the very abundant puncti- 
form spermogones @. 
. P. encausta, from Morchone, Braemar. Thallus showing a, papilleform spermogones ; 5, 
an apothecium. 
. Section through the same spermogones, showing the depressed urceolate ostiole a. 
. Magnified section of one of the same spermogones: a, ostiole; 6, cavity occupied by a 
network of ramose filaments ; c, sterigmata; d, gonidia ; e, medullary tissue of thallus; 
f, cortical layer of thallus, 
. Sterigmata, spermatia, and ramose spermogonal filaments of P. encausta, from Morchone. 
. P. sazatilis, Ach. Portion of thallus, showing the punctiform, black, immersed spermo- 
gones a. 
. P. saxatilis, Ach. ; Storr Rock, Skye. Portion of thallus, showing the abundant brown 
punctiform spermogones @. 
. Sterigmata and spermatia of P. saxatilis, Ach., from Bunbeg, Ireland: a, network of anas- 
tomosing filaments, which occupy spermogonal cavity. 
. P. sacatilis, Ach., var. sulcata, Tayl.; Derry, Ireland. Portion of thallus, showing 
spermogones and pycnides, intermixed and outwardly indistinguishable from each 
other, a. 
. P. saxatilis, Ach., var. suleata, Tayl.; Connemara: a, stylospores ; 6, spermatia. 
. P. saxatilis, Ach., var. omphalodes, Ach. ; Donegal, Ireland. Portions of thallus magni- 
fied, showing the stellate-fissured ostioles (a) of the immersed spermogones. 
. P. sawatilis, var. omphalodes ; Birnam Hill, Dunkeld. Portion of thallus, showing largish 
papilleform spermogones a. 
. P. saxatilis, var. omphalodes ; Loch Freuchie, Amulree. Portion of thallus magnified, 
showing the papilleeform spermogones, with stellate-fissured ostioles a. 
. Sections of the same spermogones: a, papilleform; b, the urceolate cavities left after the — 
falling out of the bodies of old spermogones,. 
. P. sinuosa, Ach., var. hypothric, Nyl. (= P. carporrhizans, Tayl.); Nyl., “ Lich. Paris.” 
Portion of thallus, showing a, apothecia; 6, papillaform spermogones ; c, punctiform — 
spermogones. 

