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EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 293 
Parmelia sinuosa, var. hypothriz, Nyl. L. P. Sterigmata and spermatia. 
P. sinuosa, Ach., var. erratica mihi; Melbury Hill, Dorsetshire: a, oldish spermogones 
with stellate-fissured ostioles ; b, youngish spermogones. 
P. sinuosa, Ach., var. levigata, Tayl.; Connemara, Ireland. Portion of thallus, showing 
a, punctiform spermogones ; 6, terminal soredia. 
P. sinuosa, Ach., var. Caracensis, Tayl.; Caracas, Sterigmata and spermatia: a, network 
of anastomosing delicate filaments, which occupy cavity of spermogone. 
P. conspersa, Ach. Portion of thallus, showing a, apothecia, the exciple being studded 
over with punctiform spermogones; b, the punctiform spermogones, frequently with a 
stellate-fissured ostiole in old state. 
P. conspersa, Ach., minor form; Leight. exs., 79. Narrow lacinie quite covered with 
_ punctiform spermogones a. 
P. conspersa, Ach., major form; Scher. exs.,379. Portion of thallus, showing a, papille- 
form, and b, punctiform spermogones. 
P. conspersa, Ach., major form ; Scher. exs., 379. Sterigmata and spermatia, 
P. conspersa, Ach,, bearing on its thallus the parasitic Lecidea oxyspora, Tul. ; Hepp. exs., 
37: a, apothecia ; and 6, spermogones and pycnides, intermixed, of L. owyspora, Tul. 
Section showing the relative position and size of the same apothecia, spermogones, and 
pycnides: a, apothecia ; be, spermogones ; d, a pycnide. 
P. conspersa, Ach. Sterigmata and spermatia. 
The same, from Scher. exs., 379. 
P. Tasmanica, Tayl,; Tasmania. Portion of thallus, showing a, apothecia; and b, spermo- 
gones, punctiform or papilleform. 
Sterigmata and spermatia of the same lichen. 
P. colpodes, Ach. (=P. Michauaii, Ach.) ; North America. Sterigmata and spermatia. 
P. mutabdilis, Tayl. ; Uitenhage, South Africa, Sterigmata, spermatia, and ramose filaments 
of spermogone. 
Prats XIII. 
Illustrative of the genera Parmenta, Ach., Nyl.; and Puyscta, Fr., Nyl. 
Parmelia tristis, Web, ; Morchone, Braemar. Portion of thallus, showing an apothecium a, 
and marginal wart-like spermogones b. 
. Section of the same spermogones: a, papilleform, with a depressed ostiole; b, simply 
papilleform, young; ¢, urceolate cavity left by falling out of an old spermogone; d, 
flattened, with depressed ostiole. 
. Sterigmata and spermatia of same plant. 
. P. Fahlunensis, Ach. ; Cairngorm, Braemar. Portion of thallus, showing the marginal 
wart-like spermogones @. 
. Some of the same spermogones magnified: a, simple or regular ostiole; 6, stellate-fissured 
ostiole, 
. Section of one of the same spermogones : a, ostiole; 6, cavity; c, sterigmata; d, gonidia ; 
e, medullary tissue of thallus; 7, cortical layer of thallus. 
. Sterigmata and spermatia of same plant. 
. P. stygia, Ach,; Ben Nevis. Portion of thallus, bearing 6, an apothecium ; a, papilleeform 
spermogones. At c the spermogones are old, and exhibit largish irregular gaping ostioles, 
. Section of the same spermogones: a, papilleform; c, with depressed ostiole; 6, cavities 
left by falling out. of old spermogones. 
. P. olivacea, Ach., var. exasperata, Ach.; on trees, Morchone, Braemar. Portion of thallus, 
showing a, apothecia; b, very minute punctiform spermogones, seen only when the 
thallus is moistened, 
. XXII. PART I. AF 
