GENERATIVE ORGANS OF SOME CARTILAGINOUS FISHES. 495 
foetus was still attached the residue of the umbilical cord, still vascular; its 
floating extremity its thickest part. When the foetal fish were opened, an internal 
yolk-sac was seen in each, communicating with the upper portion of the intestine. 
The sac was distended with the substance of the egg, and a substance of the same 
kind was found in the intestine. 
From one of the ureters of the parent fish a fawn-coloured matter was pressed 
out, semi-fluid, not unlike lithate of ammonia. With equal parts of nitric acid 
and water it effervesced, and frothed when heated; but it became brown, not 
purple. There was not sufficient for further examination. It seemed to resemble 
the urine of the torpedo. May it not be a peculiar kind of animal matter ? 
3. Of the Squalus Acanthias—The notes on this fish were made in part in 
Malta, and in part at Constantinople. The specimens examined were eight, one 
only of which was a male. 
This male fish was procured from the fish-market of Galata. It was about 
two feet and a half long. Its anal appendages were of moderate size, composed 
of muscles and cartilages. Each organ communicated by a canal with an abdo- 
minal sac. These sacs, situated immediately under the common integuments, one 
on each side of the mesial line, were lined with a smooth, very vascular mem- 
brane, and contained a little opaque fiuid, consisting, as seen under the micro- 
scope, of minute granules. The canal or duct of each terminated on the inner 
surface of its corresponding appendage. The appendages were without the glan- 
dular body met with in these organs of the rays, but each contained what I 
believe to be an auxiliary heart, such as I have described as occurring in the 
Raia batis.* The proper generative organs were well developed. The testes, 
situated high up under the liver, were of a large size, about 34 inches long by 
# inch broad, rounded at their extremities, of a pale hue, and indistinctly mam- 
millated, as if composed of no well-marked lobules. Each was bordered bya milt- 
like appendix, similar to that belonging to the testes of the Raza clavata, of which 
a figure is to be found in the work just quoted. This latter part was connected 
with the epididymis, or commencement of the vas deferens, by several straight 
tubes passing across, and included, in a delicate peritoneal fold. The epididymis 
superiorly, was small, the vas deferens there composing it being very slender and 
convoluted, but not collected in a mass as in the instance of Raza clavata. As it 
descended, still tortuous, till about 23 inches from its termination, it suddenly 
enlarged and became very capacious, continuing so till it terminated in the 
common receptacle of the spermatic and urinary fluid—.e., that receptacle in 
which the ureters end as well as the vasa deferentia. The capacity of each vas 
deferens, when expanded, was at least equal to that of the common receptacle ; 
each contained about half a cubic inch of a creamy-yellowish fluid. The same 
* See Physiol. and Anat. Res., i. p. 451. 
VOL. XXII. PART III. 6M 
