ON SOME DERIVATIVES FROM THE OLEFINES. 623 
This analogy between the simple and compound halogens is perhaps conserved 
most completely in the case of the nitrates, 
MNO 
Not only is NO, known in the free state; but, like chlorine, it possesses in a high 
degree the power of replacing hydrogen in organic compounds, equivalent for equi- 
valent, giving rise to the endless catalogue of nitro-compounds. In all instances 
is the introduction of NO, analogous to that of chlorine, 
Q,H, + ClCl =Q,, H(,—,) Cl+ HCl 
Q, H, + ONO, =Q, H(,—1)NO,+HO 
*Q,, H, +NO,NO,=Q,, H (,_,) NO,+ HNO,. 
In all cases of nitro-substitution hitherto observed there, is formed some body 
supplementary to the nitro-compound, namely, water or nitrous acid, correspond- 
ing to the hydrochloric acid of the chlorous substitution products, 
This analogy may be carried one step further: just as chlorine may combine 
with an olefine directly, without the liberation of hydrochloric acid, so free NO, 
may combine with an olefine directly, such union being perfectly analogous to 
that effected by chlorine. 
For these reasons we may call NO, “ Nitroxine.”’ Hence the following bodies 
are analogues :— 
4° 
Chlorine. Nitroxine. 
Cl or Cl Cl NO, or NO, NO, 
Nitroxhydrie Acid, Nitrite 
Chlorhydric Acid. of Hydrogen. 
HCl HNO, 
Hypochlorous Acid. Anhydrous Nitric Acid. 
OCl : 
Bichloride of Olefine. Binitroxide of Olefine. 
ply, Cle C, H, 2NO, 
The Binitroxide of Amylen, C,, H,, 2NO,. 
This remarkable body may be formed in two ways, either by the action of nitric 
acid upon amylen, or by the direct union of nitroxine with amylen. 
At ordinary temperatures, nitric acid is without action upon amylen. At the 
temperature at which nitric acid boils, the action between the two is energetic. 
The difference between the boiling points of nitric acid and amylen involves too 
great a loss of the olefine, if the two be heated together until the nitric acid boils. 
If air be saturated with amylen vapour, by being forced through a series of 
bulbs containing that hydrocarbon, and be then led into boiling nitric acid in such 
a manner that the products of the action may be collected, crystals are found in 
the receiver, which after washing with cold alcohol and recrystallizing from dry 
ether, are pure binitroxide of amylen. 
* TI only find one example of this last recomposition, namely, the formation of nitronapthaline 
by the action of NO, upon napthaline described by Laurent, 
VOL. XXII. PART III. EN 
