172 CLASSIFICATION OF FISHES^ ETC. 



Sargus. Front teeth large, compressed, and cutting ; grind- 

 ers on the sides. 



Char ax. Jaws rather produced ; front teeth pointing forwards ; side 

 teeth minute. 



Pagellus. Body more fusiform ; canines crowded, conic, and 



slender. 



Lithognathus. Maxillaries enlarged and very hard. 

 Boridea. Lengthened, fusiform j dorsal fin" cleft, the first triangular. 

 Lethrinus. Large conic canines in front; head naked; grinders in 

 one row. 



Sparus. Operculum smooth ; no grinders in the jaws or 



palate. 



Sparus. More or less fusiform ; front teeth even, entire, or emar- 



ginate. 

 Dentex. Some strong conic teeth in front ; dorsal slightly emarginate. 

 Nemipterus. First dorsal fin prolonged into a filament. 

 Oblata. Mouth oblique, small, as in Sparus ; lower jaw longest. 

 4sphareus. I^Iouth very large ; lower jaw strong ; upper shortest. 



4. Sub-family Scaring. — Large plates or scales at the 

 base of the caudal fin ; jaws tooth-like, 



ZiRiCHTHTS. Crown high ; profile obtuse ; teeth as in Labrus. 



Zirichlkys. Crown very high ; profile almost vertical ; dorsal pointed 



in front. 

 Tkalassoma. Muzzle suddenly advanced ; ventrals longer than the 



pectorals. 

 McUacanthus. Body elongated, dorsal spines low, very few ; caudal 



lunate. 

 Crassilcbris. Head and lips very thick ; forehead slightly gibbous ; 



caudal short, rounded. 

 Uricthys. Caudal fin very large, the rays extending beyond the 



membrane. 



ScARUs. Jaws with no true teeth ; all the dorsal rays soft. 



Scarus. Head large ; crown elevated, gibbous ; caudal lunate ; all 

 the dorsal rays branched. 



Hemisioma. ' Head and crown sub-oval; the fore dorsal rays simple 

 and flexible. 



Leptoscarus. Body slender, elongated, fusiform; scales sub-trian- 

 gular. 



Calliodon. Mouth sub-vertical, retractile ; profile obtuse, caudal 

 rounded; ventrals small. 



Petrona.^ok. Dorsal fin with spiny and branched rays. 



Chlorogaster. Head obtuse ; front gibbous ; caudal fin lunate. 

 Vetronaion. Muzzle sub-ovate ; crown not elevated; caudal fin 



lunate. 

 Erycthys. Nostrils cirrated ; caudal rounded. 

 Sparisoma. Like Petronason, but with sharp incisors and obtuse 



canines. 



OsTORTVCHus. Jaws considerably elongated, the under longest. 



AaiPHiscARUs. Ventrals with two spinal rays; jaws as- in 

 Scarus. J 



