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APPENDIX. 



THE CHARACTERS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF SIXTY-TWO NEW OK 

 LITTLE KNOWN FISHES ALLUDED TO IN THIS WORK. 



CLUPEA auro-vittata. Gold-banded Herring. 



Above blue, beneath silvery ; body with a stripe of 

 golden yellow on each side ; belly serrated ; ventral 

 fin of nine rays, the two last rays very much branched. 



Dorsal 18; ventral 9; anal 17; pectoral — ; caudal — . 



Inhabits Sicily. Palermo, 1815. 



General shape of ordinary herrings, i. e. oblong fusiform, being broadest 

 in the middle, and narrowed towards the head and tail; the dorsal profile 

 as much curved as that of the belly ; dorsal fin nearer to the head than to 

 the caudal ; it terminates exactly half-way between the tip of the snout and 

 the fork, or central rays, of the caudal ; it is high in front, and low behind ; 

 and its height is equal to its length, if the two last rays are not reckoned. 

 The head is rather less than one fifth the length of the body, excluding the 

 caudal fin. The centre of the fish, from the snout to the base of the caudal, 

 is exactly marked by the eleventh dorsal ray. The ventral fin is very small, 

 and is placed exactly under the dorsal, its commencement being on a per- 

 pendicular line with the ninth dorsal ray ; the anal is narrowed behind, 

 and is not longer than the dorsal, if the last dorsal ray is not reckoned ; it 

 commences just between the base of the caudal and the end of the dorsal : 

 the pectoral, as usual, is pointed, and is just as long as the horizontal length 

 of the dorsal. Total length about lOf inches; greatest breadth If inch. 

 Belly carinated and serrated ; gill membrane 6-rayed, the three lower ones 

 broad and hard ; teeth none ; jaws equal, the upper not emarginate ; tongue 

 thick and pointed, possessing, with the palate, a slight degree of roughness; 

 dorsal fin grooved ; scales large, close set, and firm ; pectoral fins with a 

 scaly appendage at the base, and reposing in a depression of the body ; ven- 

 tral fins also with an appendage nearly as long as the fin itself; the two last 

 rays are doubly forked, and resemble the finlets of the Scomberidce ; the 

 other rays are but slightly forked ; vent near the caudal fin ; this latter is 

 deeply forked, and has at the base of the central rays two large oblong scales 

 on each side ; lateral line imperceptible. Colour. — Back and upper parts 

 rich dark blue,- blending into an orange or golden coloured stripe near 

 the back, which commences behind the operculum and extends to the base 

 of the caudal ; the rest of the lower parts pure white ; dorsal and pectoral 

 fins yellow, with dusky edges ; caudal olive yellow ; ventral and anals 

 white. This fish is never met with in any quantitv in the markets ; from 

 which I infer that it is not gregarious, like most of its allies. 



CLUPEA Sicula. Sicilian Sprat. 

 Ventral of eight rays, the last rather longer, with two 



VOL. II. C C 



