388 APPENDIX. 



The perfectly central position of the Tentral fin, and the number of ver- 

 tebrse, TN'hich are fifty-five instead of forty-eight, together with the large 

 size of the head,6cc., separates this from C. sprattus ; the more backward 

 position of the dorsal distinguishes it both from the white-bait and Twaite 

 shad of Mr. Yarrell, although both have nearly the same number of ver- 

 tebra ; from the other British Clupiad^, its differences are too obvious to 

 be noticed. 



EXGRAULIS clupeo'ides. Sprat-like Anchovy. 



Belly carinatedj but not serrated ; mouth and jaws en- 

 tirely smooth, and without teeth ; anal fin of thirty 

 rays. 



Dorsal 14 ; pectoral 16 ; ventral 7 ; anal 30; caudal 18. 



Inhabits the coasts of Pernambuco. (January, 1817.) 



Total length about seven inches ; muzzle rather pointed; eyes placed as 

 near as possible to the tip ; irides silvery yellow ; nostrils' round, and 

 placed nearest the eyes : gill-membranes 12-rayed, the apertures remark- 

 ably large, extending all round from behind the eye to near the tip of the 

 lower jaw : scales large, deciduous : dorsal fin in the middle of the back ; 

 pectoral fins close to the belly, having at their base, both above and below, 

 a large single lengthened pointed scale ; ventrals very small, not half the 

 size of the pectorals, placed close together, and nearly united at their base ; 

 vent central, immediately under the first dorsal ray ; anal commencing 

 close behind the vent, long, and gradually becoming narrower, the base 

 withathin scaly sheath extending the whole length ; caudal deeply forked; 

 tongue not visible ; the pectinations of the gills very long, slender, and 

 rigid. Colour — Crown and back pale blue ; sides silvery ; fins dusky. 

 It is impossible to determine from the rude figure of Sloane and his imper- 

 fect description, whether this is the En. edentatus of Cuvier, who merely 

 cites Sloane as his authority; the probability being that more than one 

 species is without teeth. 



LEPTODES Sicuhis. 



Scales hexagonal, unequal, placed in longitudinal rows, 

 of which three are on each side ; the middle row small, 

 the upper and under transversely lengthened ; caudal 

 fin deeply forked. 



Viper-mouthed pike? Shaw, Gen. Zool. vi. p. 120. pL 111.* 



The loss, or the neglect and subsequent destruction, that 

 has attended my Mediterranean collection of fishes, sent to the 

 British Museum in 1817, must plead my excuse for the imper- 



* This figure, which seems to have been copied from Catesby, represents 

 the scales all of the same size ; that is, similar to those of the middle lateral 

 row of mine. I, of course, only describe this as a distinct species provision- 

 ally ; for, without seeing both, it is impossible to say whether Catesby's 

 figure is correct. But so many errors have arisen from the plan oi gene- 

 ralising species, that I prefer to point out real or apparent distinctions, and 

 leave the rest for time to determine. See Vol. I. p. 304. 



