PAPER MATERIALS PATENTED SINCE THE YEAR A.D. 1800. 51 



In 1824, Alexander Nesbitt, for making paper of " a certain kind of mess 

 which grows in the low watering-places of Holland ;" and in the same 

 year Louis Lambert, for employing straw freed from knots. 



In 1827, the Count de la Garde, for a method of employing the ligneous 

 parts of the stalks of hemp and flax, nettles, hops, or such other textile plants. 



In 1832, Peter Young, for making paper from the residue of mangold 

 wurzel, after extracting the juice for the distillation of spirit. 



In 1836, Frederick Burt Zincke, from the leaf of the pine -apple plant. 



In 1837, Edmund Shaw, for using the envelopes or leaves which cover 

 the ears of Indian corn. 



In 1838, Miles Berry, for paper stuff from " the musa, plantain, or 

 banana, the cannacorus plants, the ficus or fig-tree, the agave or aloe, the 

 Karatos plants, the ananas or pine-apple, the cocoa or cocoa plant, the 

 palniEe or palm tree, the macaw tree or plant, the phormium tenax, or New 

 Zealand flax, the saccharnm officinarum, or sugar cane, and in general all the 

 textile plants which grow between the tropics." — James Vincent Desgrand, 

 for making paper and pasteboard with wood reduced into a state of paste, 

 and of the different sorts of wood, that, coming under the denomination of 

 white wood, such as poplars, has been found to answer the best. — George 

 Robert D'Harcourt, for making paper from the leaves and stalks of the 

 aloe, the sheaths or covering leaves of the fruit or ear of the maize, other- 

 wise Indian corn, the leaves and stalks of the rice plant ; also, the bines or 

 stems of the hop plant, the common field bean, the scarlet and French 

 bean, the stalks or stems of the asparagus and potato plant, and all stalks, 

 leaves, and bines of similar vegetable substances, with or without admix- 

 ture of rags. — Morton Balmanno, from the bark of trees, and the bark of 

 young shoots of trees ; those herbaceous plants which partake of the nature 

 of hemp or flax, having a skin or coating, such as hop-bine, &c. ; those plants 

 not having an outward skin or coating, or having it in a very slight degree, 

 but having a fibre intermixed with the ligneous part, such as the stalks of 

 potatoes, &c; small roots of trees, shrubs, and plants, dead or dried leaves, 

 exclusive of the leaves of maize or Indian corn. — Edward Cooper, from 

 " cane trash, or megass." 



In 1839, Heniy Crosley, from " refuse tan," or " spent hops." — Hewick 

 Zander, from horse dung, and mixed with straw of any kind, in such a state 

 as the manure is taken from the stables, the pulp being mixed with the 

 pulp of linen rags. — Thomas MacGauran, from hop-bine, either by itself, or 

 mixed with any other suitable material. — Mfles Berry, for the application 

 of "Esparto," of the class of plants named " Stipa," genus " Graminaea," 

 and commonly called "Esparto," or " Stipa tenacissima." 



In 1843, Richard Archibald Brooman, for the convolvuli of the cissus 

 genus, or family of plants. All the plants of this order may be used ; but 

 those known at Guadaloupe as " oua oua," or "baba," which is the 

 " mimosa scandens of Linnaeus," the " guidandina baudue," or "yeux k 

 bourrique," or " yeux k boeuf," and the ledum, or marsh bindweed, will 

 be found most suitable. The bark of the West Indian pear-tree, and herbes 



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