% 



52 PAPER MATERIALS PATENTED SINCE THE YEAR A.D. 1800. 



coupuntes, of the "West Indian islands, are also referred to as ap- 

 plicable. 



In 1846, Edmund Nerot, for the bark of the ozier and willow. 



In 1852, Jean Antoine Farina, for preparing pulp from the plant called 

 " spartum," or " winter broom." — Jean Theodore Coupier and Marie 

 Amedee Charles Mellier, for reducing vegetable matters into pulp by means 

 of a solution of hydrate of soda or potash. The vegetable matters named 

 are straw, and barks of some trees, as willow, osier, chestnut, flax, waste 

 cotton, waste tows of hemp, jute, or surate, and employing nitric acid in 

 manufacturing pulp from shavings of pine, beech, ash, elm. — George Lloyd, 

 for vegetable fibre, obtained from the feces or solid excrement of herb- 

 eating animals. — William Edward Newton, for copying paper, composed 

 of Manilla fibre, or the equivalent thereof, such as of the cocoa-nut husk. 

 — Joseph Alexander Westerman (provisional protection), for producing paper 

 and pasteboard from turf. — William Wilkinson, for the beards of barley, 

 rye, and other like grain. 



In 1853, Edward Maniere, for applying asbestos in the manufacture of 

 paper. — Richard Archibald Brooman, for paper from wood and woody 

 fibres by means of mechanical agents. — Jules Dehau, for employing the 

 fibres of stipa tenacissima — Joseph Lallemand, for the manufacture of 

 paper from peat. 



In 1853, Arthur Warner, for the application of the fibrous parts of the 

 palm-tree and leaf. — Francis Frederick Clossmann, for the application of 

 the fibres of all the species of malvaceous plants, and especially those under 

 the name of " Althaea officinalis." — Jacques Pierre Henri "Vivien, for 

 applying green, yellow, or dead leaves of all kinds of trees and shrubs. 



In 1851, James Murdoch, for applying a plant called spartum, or water 

 broom. — Joseph Barling, for improvements in treating hop-bine, and render- 

 ing it applicable. — John Lilley, for a new material obtained by crushing 

 from the heart or core of the plantain, banana, and other plants of the same 

 species. — John Jeyes, for pulp from twitch or couch grass ; for employing 

 the refuse of tan yards. — John Evans, for a new manufacture from the 

 waste refuse of the so-called Brazilian grass, arising from the manufacture 

 of that material into plait or plaited hats. — Thomas Littleton Holt and 

 William Charlton Forster (prov. pro.), for making paper with refuse tan 

 and refuse cocoa-nut fibre, and old rope or rags, in equal parts. — James 

 Acland (prov. pro.), for the fibrous portion of the roots of potato, parsnip, 

 turnip ; the roots, stems, and stalks of mangold wurzel, chicory, and 

 rhubarb. — Thomas Littleton Holt and William Charlton (prov. pro.), for 

 taking clover, the hop stem, or hop-bine, Italian rye grass, either alone or 

 combined with rags. — Israel Swindells (prov. pro.), for digesting wood, such 

 as waste cuttings of timber, loppings of trees, dyer's waste wood or spent 

 wood, underwood, weeds, or vegetable matters in caustic alkali, and pro- 

 ducing paper material therefrom. — Alfred Vincent Newton, for an improve- 

 ment in the process of converting wood into paper.— Samuel Clift (prov. 

 pro.), for improvements in making paper from green grass, nettles, or dried 



