PAPER MATERIALS PATENTED SINCE THE YEAR A.D. 1800. 53 



grass or hay. — George Thatcher, for the employment of the fibre of the 

 leaves of horse-radish. — Edward Gillman, for employing the leaves or 

 fibrous portions of the phormium tenax, or New Zealand flax, the running 

 or creeping plant called giagia, and the species of dracama called ti, for the 

 production of pulp. — Thomas George Taylor, for the application of the 

 stalk of the hop plant. — John Coupland, for the preparation of pulp from 

 clover, and grasses of all sorts, from fern, furze, weeds, and rushes, in 

 some cases using a small proportion of flax. — Henry Trappes (prov. pro.), 

 for the preparation of leather to be used as a pulp for paper. — George 

 Printy Wheeler and Samuel Bromhead (void), for pulp from the species 

 of plants called " Iris," or the flower-de-luce, or flags, or leaves of flags of 

 every description, known by botanists as a genus of plants of the class 

 triandria and order monogynia, which grows in England, throughout 

 Europe, in the East and West Indies, and many other climates, and are 

 imported into Great Britain in mats, bags, and wrappers, as sugar mats, &c. 

 — Gurgardin Achille, for the use of the arrow, or water arrow (fleche, 



fleche <Teau, and fiechiere). The botanical names are Ranunculus 

 palustris according to Tournefort, and Sagittaria aquatica according 

 to Linnaeus, of the family of the butomece or alismacece of Jus- 

 sieu. — Henry Crossley, for spent tan or spent hops, mixed with fibrous 

 materials, either animal or vegetable. — Samuel Elliott Hoskins, for the 

 fibres obtained from the plant known by the name of Cyperus longus, of 

 which the English name is "galingale." — Christopher Hill, for the stems 

 and roots of horse-radish, the rush, and the flag, together with the vege- 

 table remains of horse manure. — John Jeyes, for the stems of mustard and 

 other plants of the same class. — William Rossiter and Matthew Edwin 

 Bishop, for pulp from rope, shakings, canvass, tow, bagging, and other 

 matters mixed with refuse tan, bark, &c. — Louis Vital Helin, for improve- 

 ments in the manufacture of paper from straw. — Gustave Hermann Lilie, 

 for the manufacture of paper from the thistle plant. — James Niven, for the 

 application of the holyhock plant or plants, comprehended under the na* 

 tural order " Malvaceae." — Leon Castelain, for pulp from hay, straw, and 

 similar substances. — Henry Diaper, for applying cocoa-nut kernel after 

 expression of the oil to the manufacture of paper. — Charles Peterson, for 



- the application of " the sea tree mallow, or lavateria arborea marina." — 

 Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, for applying down or cotton gathered 

 from thistles, also moss and lichen plants. 



In 1855, William Johnson, for improvements in the application of various 

 substances containing woody fibre to the manufacture of white paper pulp, 

 as, the inner bass of the lime tree and other tiliaceae, the willow, bitch, 

 elder, the leaves of coniferas ; also heather and other ericaceae, rushes and 

 other juncaceae, clover, lucerne, stalks of pease, broom, whin, and other le- 

 guminous plants (except the stalks of common leaves), sunflowers, Jeru- 

 salem artichokes, and other compositae (except thistles), nettles and other 

 urticeae, turnips, mustard, and other cruciferae ; cucumbers and other cucur- 

 bitaceag, mosses, licopodium, equisetum, ferns, reeds, canes, bamboos, water 



