THE RED DYE-STUFFS OF INDIA. 73 



This dye is much used in Pegu, where silks are dyed by means of it of a 

 dark red colour. It is here called Tienj-jet. 



The wood of the trunk, and also of the root, are rendered available. 



Yempaltjm. — What this substance may be, which was exhibited, as a 

 native red dye- stuff, at the Madras Exhibitions, we are unable to conjecture. 

 Both wood and bark, under the names Yempalum Kodi and Yempalum Paki, 

 seem to be in use in Madura. We have never seen it, nor is it to be found 

 in the collection at the East India House. If it is of any value, we may 

 ultimately hear of it again. 



Casearesta Extract. — The extract of the bark of Casuarina eqidseti- 

 folia was prepared by M. Jules Lepine, of Pondicherry, for one of the 

 Madras Exhibitions, and for which he received a second class medal. The 

 extract is fixed by a solution of bichromate of potass with alum as a mor- 

 dant. It gives a reddish nankeen colour, with iron a black, and with a 

 mixture of mordants a grey. The colour is affirmed to be unaffected by 

 water, alkalies, solar light, or heat. 



Karoung, or Mangrove Bark. — This product of Rhizophora mangle is one 

 of the colours introduced by Dr. Bancroft, and of which he monopolised 

 the use. It is used in Arracan as the source of a chocolate colour. This 

 substance can be readily enough obtained if found valuable to the home 

 dyer, as it is often imported for tanning. A parcel was on sale in the London 

 markets in the early part of the present year. Another chocolate dye is 

 in common use in Arracan, under the name of Thit-nan-weng ; but of its 

 source or value we are unable to inform our readers. 



Bed Sanders Wood. — The wood of Pterocarpas santalinus is stated to 

 afford a good red with a mordant of alum, but it is not much used locally 

 It is sold by weight, and forms a regular article of import from Madras. 



Berro — Testg-njet. — These are two purple dyes in use in Arracan, 

 which were sent to the Great Exhibition of 1851. The bark and wood of 

 the latter is used. 



The-dan — Thit-tet. — Two red dyes of Arracan, the bark and wood of 

 the first being used. They were exhibited at the same time and place as 

 the last. The bark of Photinia dubia is used as a red dye-stuff in 

 Xepal. We have enumerated these dye-stuffs, of which we are unable to 

 give any particular information, in the hope that it may lead to some further 

 inquiry, and that ultimately we may be enabled to add further particulars. 



Btjkta chandan. — Under this name a red dye is said to be obtained 

 from the root of Adenanthera pavonina, the tree yielding the hard red 

 ornamental seeds so extensively used to make bracelets. This is not at all an 

 uncommon dye-stuff in India, nor is its use of a local character. It is one 

 of the substances which seems to deserve a trial. Mr. Oondatje states that 

 the testa, or hard covering of the seed, is in use in Ceylon as a red 

 dye. 



Koossumba. — Under this name safflower, the produce of Carthamus 

 tinctorius is used in India, as elsewhere, for pinks. It is more carefully 

 collected in China than in India, and as no substance suffers more from 



