182 NOTES ON GALLS. 



Anatolia, and are usually received from Constantinople. Smyrna galls 

 contain a larger admixture of white galls than those of Aleppo ; they are 

 not so heavy, and are lighter coloured. 



Coriander Galls. — These are a small variety of galls sometimes im- 

 ported from Aleppo. There is also another kind called the Small Crowned 

 Aleppo, ahout the size of a pea, and crowned by a circle of tubercles like 

 the fruit of the myrtle. Although small, their perforations show them to 

 have completed their full size. 



Turkish Diamonds. — Another variety of galls has received this name. 

 They are rather larger than the Small Crowned Aleppo, and possess a 

 speckled surface. 



Istria and Abruzzi Galls. — These galls are, in size, rather inferior 

 to the common Turkey gall, but larger than the small blue Aleppo gall. 

 They are described as " somewhat turbinate or pear-shaped, wrinkled, and 

 usually with a short peduncle. They are mostly used by the silk dyers of 

 France." 



Morea Galls. — These are rather smaller than the ordinary Levant 

 galls, and differ from them still more in appearance by being " crowned." 

 This kind of gall is chiefly employed on the Rhine. 



French Galls. — These are spherical, light, and smooth or polished ; 

 occasionally, slightly wrinkled. 



Marmorine Galls are the produce of Capitanata, in the kingdom of 

 Naples. They are the Galles marmorines of French writers, and are of the 

 size of blue galls, but without tubercles or warts. The surface is dull and 

 rough, resembling orange berries. Trieste is the principal market for these 

 galls, whence they are transmitted to Germany. 



Hungarian Galls. — The galls of Quercus cerris are of a brown colour, 

 prickly on the surface, and irregular in shape. They are used chiefly for 

 tanning in Hungary, Dalmatia, and the southern provinces of the Austrian 

 States, where they abound. 



Oak Apples are the largest species of gall produced on the oak in 

 Great Britain, and are caused by Cynips quercus terminalis. Oak apples 

 are astringent, like other galls, and have been employed in tanning and 

 dyeing, though not generally collected for that purpose. 



Devonshire Galls. — For some years past these galls have been an- 

 nually increasing in number on the oaks of Britain. They are produced by 

 Cynips quercus petioli, in such quantities that the trees thus infested have 

 somewhat the appearance of being covered with a crop of green Portugal 

 grapes, though the seeming fruit is more generally distributed over the 

 branches than that of the vine, seldom appearing in clusters of more than 

 three or four. These galls are as spherical and smooth as marbles, as a 

 substitute for which they are employed by schoolboys in the south-western 

 counties. Chemical analysis has pronounced them unfit to compete 

 commercially with the Levant galls, through deficiency in gallic and 

 tannic acids. 



East India Galls. — These are principally shipped from Bombay. They 



