NOTES ON GALLS. 185 



Bokhara Galls. — This species of Pistacia gall has been imported, 

 specimens are exhibited in the museum of Kew Gardens. They pre- 

 sent no difference in appearance to the Bojekind, or the drawing of 

 Gool-i-pista accompanying Dr. Royle's account. The three kinds are 

 without doubt identical, and the produce of Pistacia vera. With the above- 

 named sample of Bokhara galls, a quantity of Pistacio nuts are shown, 

 which were found mixed with the galls. 



Fistuk and Khimsuh are local names in parts of India for Pistacia galls, 

 which are doubtless identical with Gool-i-pista. 



Terebinth Galls. — The galls produced on Pistacia terebinthus by 

 Cephis pistacia; are collected by the peasants of Thrace and Macedonia 

 about the end of June, under the leaves or at the foot of the branches which 

 bear the fruit, and there they find a small gall the size of a hazel nut, which, 

 if allowed to grow, would become long like a small horn ; but they gather 

 it while very small, and sell it at a high price to dye fine silks in the town 

 of Brusa. They use annually above 6,000 pounds of these galls. They are 

 hollow within, of the size of small Roman galls, growing on the leaves of 

 the male teberinth. When they are not gathered they grow half a foot 

 long, and horn-shaped. 



Aerican Galls. — These galls, produced on Pistacia atlantica, resemble 

 the Bokhara galls, or Gool-i-pista described by Dr. Royle. They are of a 

 raddish colour — a brighter red than those of Pistacia vera, hollow, and 

 vary in size from that of a pea to a filbert. Internally, they are occupied 

 by the remains of the insects causing them. Their shape is very irregular, 

 and their substance horny. They are produced in the northern countries 

 of Africa bordering on the Mediterranean, where they are used as a dyeing 

 material. Hitherto they have not, to our knowledge, been introduced into 

 European commerce. 



Narbonne Galls. — Galls are produced also on another species of Pis- 

 tacia (Pistacia narbonensis), of two kinds : one in the form of a spindle, 

 nearly straight, and lengthened to a point at the extremity ; the other, 

 short, angular, rounded, and double. The spindle-shaped galls are from 

 four to six centimetres in length, and from eight to fifteen millimetres in 

 breadth, more or less bent, and terminated by a sharp point. They are 

 tortuous, covered with a dark grey epidermis, and sometimes have on the 

 surface small flat and circular glands, from which a yellow resin 

 exudes. The substance of the gall is quite black, light, fragile, and 

 from one-third to one-half a millimetre thick. The taste is simply 

 mucilaginous, with an aromatic flavour. This gall is entirely without as- 

 tringency. 



Kakraslnghee Galls. — These are produced on a species of PJius, which 

 Dr. Royle names Ehus kakrasingJiee, and Sir William Hooker Rhus semia- 

 lata. The galls are elongated, contorted, hollow excrescences, attaining to 

 three or four inches in length, and from a quarter to half an inch in 

 diameter, tapering to a point at one extremity and open at the other. They 

 are very thin and brittle, of a dark, dirty brownish colour, and slightly 



