10 VEGETABLE OILS 



Kharasanee yelloo is a second sort of sesame oil, sometimes called 

 " Rape," which is obtained from the red-seeded variety. 



Black sesame is sown in March, and ripens in May. Red sesame is not 

 sown till June. 



Gram ; Mooneela (Dolichos bifiorus). — A pale yellow or almost colourless, 

 viscid, clear oil, in Tanjore is stated to be obtained from this source. It is 

 generally known as Gram or Moneela gram oil. 



Ground Nut; Bhoe-moong; Vayrcuddala-yennai, Tam. ; Manilla 

 noona, Tel. ; Katjang Oil (Arachis hypogma).— This plant is extensively 

 cultivated in various parts of India. The kernels yield about 44 per cent, 

 of a clear pale yellow oil, which is largely used as food and for lamps. Two 

 varieties of the ground nut, or Katjang tanah, are produced in Malacca, — 

 the white and the brown. The plant is also much cultivated in Java, in 

 the vicinity of the sugar plantations, and the oil-cake is used as a manure. 

 The value of ground-nut kernels in London is about \Ql. 10s. per ton, and 

 of the oil 42^. to 43£. per ton. This oil is believed by the natives of 

 Bengal to be aperient, but it appears really to produce only the same effects 

 as olive oil. It burns with little smoke, a clear flame, and affords a very 

 full bright light. 



It is said to be employed for adulterating gingelly oil in North Arcot, 

 where it costs from 1 r. 8 as. to 2rs. 12 as. per maund. In 1848-49, 37,000 

 gallons of this oil were exported ; and in the two following years, upwards 

 of 1,000,000 gallons. 



Gutta-percha Seed (Isonandra gutta). — I should presume it to be 

 only an experimental sample of this oil which was exhibited at the Madras 

 Exhibition of 1855, as I find no mention of it elsewhere; neither does it 

 seem to be known at all to residents in India. It appears to present no 

 feature of importance. 



Hemp-seed Oil ; Ganja yennai, Tam. (Cannabis saticc). — The plant 

 is largely cultivated in India, but the oil is not of general use. It is 

 obtained by expression ; although so generally burnt in lamps in Russia, 

 it is almost universally unknown to the natives of Hindoostan. 



Hingun, or Hingoota (Balanites cegyptiaca). — This plant is very 

 common about Delhi, and in the Doab as far as Allahabad, and especially 

 on the banks of the Jumna. Roxburgh describes the pulp as exceedingly 

 bitter, and having an offensive greasy smell. An oil has been obtained 

 from it experimentally, and shown at the Madras Exhibitions. 



Iripa {Ajnometra ramiflora, Linn.) — This tree is found on the Malabar 

 coast. Rheede states that the natives prepare an oil from the seeds which 

 is used in scabies, leprosy, and other cutaneoug diseases. 



Karinghota (Samadera indica, GEertn.) — This tree grows abundantly 

 in Travancore and Cochin, and is propagated easily from seeds. An oil is 

 extracted from the kernels, which is extensively used in rheumatism on the 

 western coast, and is obtainable in the bazaars. 



Khali-ziri, or Khatzum; Caat seragum; Bukchie; Wild Cumin 

 ( Yernonia anthelmintica). — This is a semi-fluid oil, obtained by expression 

 from the seeds of a composite plant which is common in India. 



