AND FATS OF INDIA. 43 



nux vomica). — The oil known under this name is empyrenmatic, and has 

 only a medicinal application. It is prepared from the fresh nut in 

 Travancore. 



"Wild Olive or Pootroojie Oil. — This is said to resemble olive oil, 

 and to be obtained from an oleaceous tree growing plentifully in Canara 

 and Mysore. We have never seen the oil or fruits from which it is 

 obtained, but rather suspect that, instead of an oleaceous, it will be found 

 to be the produce of an euphorbiaceous tre£, — Putranjiva lioxburgMi, 

 Wall., — which was at one time referred to another order. This tree is 

 known in India under the name of wild olive, as well as Olea dioica, Roxb. 



Napala ; Caatamunaka ; Junglie Erundie ; Bhoga Cherinda, or 

 Angular-leaved Physic Nut (JatropJia curcas). — This oil is employed not 

 only medicinally, but also for lamps. It is, however, very local, both in its 

 manufacture and use. It is a beautiful pale yellow oil, the Katamanak of 

 Tanjore. 



Bhoga Bhirinda, an inferior kind of oil from the same source, is known 

 at Beerbhoom. The oil of this physic-nut has been of late years imported 

 into Britain as a substitute for linseed oil ; the colour is somewhat paler, 

 it answers equally well, and can be obtained in parts of India where the 

 plant abounds for almost the cost of manufacture. From the Cape de 

 Verdes, quantities of the seed have been imported into Liverpool and 

 expressed in this country. It seems to have met with considerable favour 

 wherever it has been tried. The Chinese boil this oil with oxide of iron, 

 and employ it for varnishing boxes. 



Anthaulay; Addale, or Glaucous-leaved Physic Nut (JatropJia 

 glauca). — The oil obtained from this physic-nut is locally employed in 

 medicine. It will also answer the purpose of a lamp-oil, when obtained in 

 sufficient quantity. In appearance and consistence it resembles castor-oil. 

 It is procurable in South Arcot, where the plant grows on the waste 

 lands. 



Piney Tallow, or Hoopada Oil. — The vegetable butter of Canara is 

 obtained from the fruit of an excellent timber-tree, the same which yields 

 the piney varnish, or gum piney, known as Valeria indica. This butter is 

 of solid consistence, beautifully white, and requires a higher temperature 

 to melt it than animal tallows. It is produced all along the forests of the 

 Malabar coast, and is easily accessible. It is prepared by cleaning the seeds, 

 and then roasting and grinding them into a mass. Water is added, and 

 the whole boiled until the oil rises to the surface, which is then removed, 

 the contents of the vessel stirred, and allowed to stand until the following 

 day, when more oil rises to the surface ; this is collected, and the process 

 repeated. 



PlNNACOTTAY ; HOENDA ; OONDEE ; POONAY, or PoON-SEED OlL (Calo- 



pTiyllum inophyllum). — A thick, dark greenish-coloured oil, fluid at a tempera- 

 ture above 50°. It is manufactured and used at Bombay, Tinnevelly, and 

 other parts of India, as a lamp-oil. The seeds from which it is obtained 

 are very oleaginous, and yield about 60 per cent, of their weight of oil. 



