46 VEGETABLE OILS AND FATS OF INDIA. 



exported from Madras: this is chiefly sent to Bombay, Bengal, and the 

 Persian Gnlf. 



Sand-cox Tree {Hura crepitans). — These seeds yield an oil, in common 

 with the majority of euphorbiaceous plants ; but it is very little extracted 

 in India, probably only occasionally or experimentally. It is, however, an 

 article of manufacture in the West Indies, to a limited extent. It probably 

 partakes of the deleterious character of the tree. 



Saray Paroopoo. — The solid fat of Spondias mangifera. It is obtain- 

 able at Madras, and was exhibited in 1855. The only sample I have seen 

 resembled the yellow Bassia butter in appearance. It is not largely manu- 

 factured in India. 



Saul-tree Seed (Shorea robusta). — This oil has only been obtained 

 in small quantities. The tree is valuable, and affords a resin in use over 

 the entire continent of India and Malayan Archipelago. 



Silk-cotton Oil ; Pania ; Elavum, Tarn. ; Poor, Tel. (Bombax 

 pentandrum, Linn. ; Eriodendron anfractuosum, D. C). — A dark-brown clear 

 oil is obtained by expression from the seeds of the silk-cotton tree. It is 

 not much employed. 



Soap-nut ; Poovandie ; Poongum ; Ritah ; Bindake ; Arishta ; 

 Koocoodie noona, Tel. ; Reethay, Hind. (Sapindus cmarginatus). — This 

 is a pale-yellow semi-solid oil, valued in medicine by the natives, but too 

 costly to be otherwise employed. 



Sunflower Oil ; Surjea mukti (Helianthus annuus). — This oil is 

 known in England, where it is employed chiefly in the manufacture of 

 soap. It is also extracted in India. 



Tamarind-seed (Tamarindus indica). — Capt. Davis of Booldana, in 

 writing to the Agri-Horticultural Society of India, states that while trying 

 as an experiment the extraction of oil from jungle-seeds, he happened to 

 order a trial to be made of the seeds of the common Indian tamarind, and, 

 to his great surprise, and that of all the natives, he obtained an oil of a 

 fine amber colour, free of smell and sweet to the taste, which, in his 

 opinion, would prove a substitute for the olive oil of commerce, so much 

 in use in India for culinary purposes, and so frequently adulterated. 



Tobacco Oil (Nicotiana tabacum). — An oil extracted from tobacco-seed 

 was exhibited from Tanjore at the Madras Exhibition of 1855, and a 

 sample is also in the East India Museum. 



Tooma Ginjaloo (Acacia ambica). — The pods of this tree, known as 

 the Babool in many parts of India, have long been employed in tanning 

 on account of their astringency, but the extraction of oil from the seeds is 

 only of recent date. It must rather be classed among the experimental 

 oils. 



"Wild Mangosteen ; Tumika, Tel. ; Gaub, Hind. ; Panichekai, Tarn. 

 {Embryopteris glutinifera, Roxb. ; Diospyros glutinosa, Koen). — The unripe 

 fruit is employed in tanning, and from the seeds a concrete fixed oil is 

 obtained by boiling. The seeds are first dried in the sun, then pounded 

 and boiled. The oil collects on the surface, and becomes concrete during 



