ON THE PRODUCTS OF THE PEA FAMILY. 263 



with long and rather brittle white hairs, beneath which a coat of very fine 

 white curly wool hies close to the skin. The flesh, though rank, is fat and 

 tender, and is much relished by the Mountain Indians, who also make 

 robes, clothing, and leather from the hide. Curious dog-sleds are manu- 

 factured out of the skin covering the shank bones, by sewing number of the 

 pieces together with the hair outside, wh ich slides well over the snow. 



Birds. — From the various snow geese, of which there are three species 

 (Anser hyperbo, A. albatus, and another as yet. unnamed, the "horned wavy 

 goose " of Hearne) ; from the white and sand-hill cranes (Grits Americanus 

 and G. Canadensis) ; from the Canada geese (Bernicla Canadensis, B. leu- 

 comclia, B. Hutchinsonii, B. leucopareia et B. Barnstonii) ; from the trum- 

 peter and wild swans (Cygnus buccinator et C. Americanus) ; and from the 

 white-faced geese (Anser Gambelii et A. frontalis'), the natives derive the 

 quills so much used for ornamenting round the tops of moccasins, and for 

 similar purposes, as well as for feathering arrows. Fire-bags are made out 

 of the skin of the neck of the great northern diver (Colymbus torquatus), and 

 the tail feathers of the golden eagle (Aquila Canadensis) are used for head 

 ornaments. The yellow flicker (Colaptes auratus), and other gaudily- 

 arrayed summer birds yield their plumage for ornamenting dresses. The 

 Dog-rib and Yellow Indians make belts of goose-quills by dyeing them and 

 sewing them together in longitudinal stripes. 



Here eoneludes the list of the products derived from the animal kingdom 

 by the Chipewyan tribes ; the waters furnishing them with food only. 

 Rude in arts, and debased in manners as are these people, they are among 

 the most kind-hearted and merciful of the Indian races ; and would doubt- 

 less, if dwelling in a more genial climate, prove the most amenable, of any 

 of the red nations, to the humanising influences of civilisation. 



ON THE PRODUCTS OF THE PEA FAMILY (LEGUMINOS^E). 



BY JOHN R. JACKSON. 



Part I. — Papilionace^e. 



The products of the Leguminous order having such an extensive range 

 of appliances, are, perhaps, better known than those of any other natural 

 family. There is, probably, no other class of plants having such a wide 

 geographical distribution, found, as they are, in nearly every part of the 

 globe. As a proof of the magnitude of this order, it may be stated that 

 the number of species amount to between 6,000 and 7,000. From this 

 large assemblage of plants, one might be led to expect a proportionate 

 variety of useful, as they have the advantage of all climes from the Arctic 

 to the Equatorial regions. The properties of these products are, of course, 



