ON THE FOREST-TREES OF NEW BRUNSWICK. 439 



and indeed every appliance that wood can be pnt to in house-building. It 

 is likewise manufactured into sugar box shooks, an immense quantity- 

 being annually shipped to the West Indian markets. In ship-building, it 

 is used for water-ways in vessels of the seven years class, and for finishing 

 the interior of ships' cabins, and is found to be very suitable for masts, 

 bowsprits, &c. It is likewise converted into baulks, deals and scantling 

 for export to Great Britain and elsewhere. The baulks in many cases 

 square over three and four feet. This wood is of a light colour, is easily 

 worked, makes a good appearance, and when devoid of sap and properly 

 seasoned, will last for a long time. 



Red Pine. — The red pine grows to a height of 70 and 80 feet, and two 

 feet in diameter. It is much impregnated with resinous matter, grows ex- 

 ceedingly straight, and is quite free from limbs until near the extreme end. 

 The grain of this wood is coarse, but when devoid of sap (of which this 

 tree bears a large proportion), is said to be durable. It is used pretty 

 generally for the planking of ships, and owing to its elasticity, the ship- 

 builder holds it in much esteem for hooding ends. Pumps for coasting and 

 inland vessels are invariably made from this wood ; and for abutments, 

 piles, ane planking for wharves, it is very much in repute. 



Prince's Pine. — This tree is very numerous in various parts of the 

 province. In height and diameter it somewhat exceeds the red pine. The 

 fibre bears a striking resemblance to Southern pitch pine, which is indi- 

 genous to milder latitudes. The grain appears to be very resinous. The 

 prince's pines are generally found in low land, and present an exceedingly 

 picturesque appearance. The timber prepared from the tree under notice, 

 is devoid of knots, and makes rather clean work. 



Elm (Ulmus). — There are two species of Elm — the red and white. They 

 are very numerous, and to be found in various localities throughout the 

 province. In many cases the white exceeds ninety feet in height, and at- 

 tains a circumference of twelve feet ; while the red, although lofty is 

 scarcely to be found of so large proportions. The appearance of both 

 species of the elm tree is very imposing, the foliage being very luxuriant, 

 and the trunk bearing the same proportions from the base to within a few 

 feet of the summit. They are to be found on meadow or intervale land, 

 on the margin of rivers, and in swampy marshes, where the soil is in the 

 least degree fertile. The wood is generally used in the manufacture of 

 agricultural implements, for ships' blocks, keel pieces, planking and abut- 

 ments for mills and dams, and lasts well, either when immersed in water, 

 or placed in exposed positions. It is not, however, held in such esteem as 

 tamarac or birch for keel pieces or bottom planking in ships. 



Butternut or Walnut (Juglans Cinerea). — Butternut, sometimes 

 known as walnut, and not unfrequently oilnut, is very numerous. This 

 tree grows very straight, and generally reaches a height of from seventy to 

 eighty feet, and over two feet in diameter at the base. It bears a very 

 palatable nut, of an oblong shape, which is ripe in autumn, and then 

 generally abundant. These nuts, in former times, were very much used 



