440 ON THE FOREST-TREES OP NEW BRUNSWICK. 



by fie aborigines for the oil which they contain. The wood of the butter- 

 nut tree is very much used by cabinet-makers in the manufacture of the 

 more superior articles of furniture, such as hall chairs, ward-robes, book- 

 cases, toilet and other tables. This wood presents a handsome appearance 

 when manufactured, and being very easily worked, its value is greatly 

 enhanced. 



Beech (Fagus Americana). — There are three species of beech — the white, 

 red, and pasture beech. 



White Beech. — The white beech grows to an altitude of sixty, and 

 sometimes seventy feet. It is very plentiful, and is to be found in various 

 parts of the Province, and particularly in fertile valleys, or where a deep 

 alluvial soil exists. In some places these trees cover acres of land, un- 

 mixed with other wood. The wood of this tree is used by carriage-makers, 

 and also converted into planking for coasting and inland vessels. Treenail 

 fastening is also made from it, for which purpose it is considered by many 

 equal to bolts in the flat of ships' bottoms. This wood is close in grain, 

 and somewhat durable, either in exposed situations or otherwise. It 'will 

 last for a very long period when immersed in salt water or confined below 

 the light bine. Ships planked with this material under the flat have been 

 known to run for years before requiring a renewal of planking on account 

 of defect. 



Pasture Beech. — The pasture beech, generally termed sapling or common 

 beech, grows to a height of twenty and thirty feet, and is seldom, if ever, 

 found over fifteen inches in diameter. The fibre is dense, and the outside 

 or sap is considered by those who have tested it, to be the toughest, and 

 remains sound equally as long as the heart, which is of reddish cast, and 

 about an inch in diameter. 



Red Beech. — The red beech attains a height of sixty feet, and upwards 

 of two feet in diameter. It is.highly prized for the nut it bears, which in 

 winter supplies food for the farmers' hogs and other animals. Many people 

 allow their hogs to roam at large in the forest, to grow and fatten upon the 

 nut, which they do very rapidly. The pork, however, is not held in much 

 repute, being soft and oily. The wood of the red beech is used by carriage- 

 builders, and also manufactured into implements of agriculture, treenail 

 fastening, and staves for exportation. The beech under notice presents a 

 very beautiful and glossy hue when made into articles of furniture and 

 pobshed. All of the beeches mentioned are very much used for fuel. 



White Cedar (Juniperus Americana) — The white cedar is to be found 

 in vast quantities, throughout all the forests of New Brunswick. It is a 

 very beautiful tree, and looks well in forest or on ornamental grounds. It 

 is found from forty to fifty feet in height, and nearly two feet in diameter ; 

 when exceeding these dimensions, the heart is occasionally discovered to be 

 somewhat defective. White cedar is generally found in groves unmixed 

 with other trees, covering perhaps twenty to forty, and even eighty acres in 

 extent. The wood is extremely light, and next in specific gravity to white 

 pine. It is remarkable for its durability, when kept either wet or dry, and 



