32 THE FOREST TREES OF UPPER CANADA. 



been cut fifty feet long) and fifty inches wide, without a knot, sawn 

 from a tree 22 feet in circumference and 120 feet to the first limb ; the 

 first four logs, twelve feet long, making 8,000 feet of lumber after being 

 squared. 



2. The second class of woods are sections of the trunks of the chief 

 of the valuable timbers, with the bark on, taken from the three divi- 

 sions of the Province above named. Of these there are thirty-four. 



3. The third are neatly planed and polished specimens of all our 

 chief woods — one side varnished, the other plain — veneers of the plain 

 wood, of crotches, of roots, &c, of the most choice varieties. Of these 

 there are two collections, each of 73 specimens, with some smaller ones ; 

 in all, about 250. 



4. The fourth class consists of the sections of the trunks (from three 

 to six inches in diameter), one foot on, with the bark on, so cut as to 

 show the grain of the wood and the polish it will take, accompanied 

 with twigs, leaves, and flowers of the trees. In this class are five valu- 

 able collections, from the distans parts of Upper Canada, of some 90 

 distinct kinds of native woods and shrubs. Of these there are 203 pieces. 



The common and scientific names of all the woods are given, with 

 the size and height of the trees, the specific gravity of the wood, its 

 weight compared with shell-bark hickory (which, being the heaviest of 

 all our woods, is taken as the standard), its uses, prices, at the lake 

 ports, and at Quebec, &c. 



5. The fifth class contains samples of tool-handles, shafts, and poles 

 of carriages, spokes, naves, &c, showing the common purposes for which 

 the woods are best adapted and most used. 



From a pamphlet issued from the Bureau of Agriculture, at Quebec, 

 we learn that Canada exports annually about 30,000,000 cubic feet of 

 timber in the rough state, and about 400,000,000 feet board measure, of 

 sawn timber. The revenue derived by the province, during the year 1860, 

 for timber cut in the forests, amounted to about 500,000 dols. Of the 

 sixty or seventy varieties of woods in our forests, there are usually only 

 five or six kinds which go to make up these exports so vast in quantity ; 

 the remaining fifty or sixty timber trees are left to perish, or are burned 

 as a nuisance, to get them out of the way. By showing, in the markets 

 of the world, that we have these valuable woods, and can furnish them 

 at such unprecedentedly low prices, we shall secure additional pur- 

 chasers. The collections here named were made chiefly in reference to 

 this point, and are, in their nature and in their intrisic value, it is be- 

 lieved, well adapted foi that purpose. 



In extent in the variety and value of its woods, the great forests of 

 deciduous trees of North America surpass all others ; and the most re- 

 markable of this great mixed forest is that growing in the valley of the 

 St. Lawrence. The Western coasts of both continents, in high latitudes, 

 furnish only or chiefly the Coniferee. The high summer temperatures 



