80 THE NEW ICE MACHINE. 



principal fibre lias been torn or stripped from the leaf, is not seen here ; 

 it is not usual to remove the stalk in this country when the leaf is cut 

 up or manufactured. 



The charges incurred on tobacco, from the time it leaves the grower's 

 hands until it is stowed on board ship, include carriage from the 

 country, brokerage, sorting, pressing, packing, weighing, porterage, 

 lighterage, custom's duties, warehouse rent, and commission, and amount 

 in the aggregate to about lJrd. to 3d. per pound on the Drama class of 

 tobaccos, and from 4d. to 6d. per pound on the Yenidgeh. This 

 estimate is irrespective of the loss of weight consequent on the drying 

 and manipulation, which varies from two to five per cent., nor does it 

 comprise the still larger deficiency resulting from sorting, which amounts 

 to ten or twenty per cent., and in some unusually bad years to as much 

 as thirty or forty per cent, of rejected tobacco. This 'ftefuso,' or waste 

 tobacco, is for the most part consumed in Egypt. 



The quantity of tobacco shipped from the Cavalla district to different 

 home and foreign markets in 1859 was 18,667,676 lbs., of which 

 14,100,000 lbs. went to the Turkish Empire, 2,691,228 lbs. to France, 

 about 450,000 lbs. each to Austria, Greece, and Russia, 297,040 lbs. to 

 Great Britain, and 224,000 lbs. to Sardinia. The trade with the Eussian 

 ports in the Black Sea, being carried on chiefly through Constantinople, 

 its amount cannot be stated with any great degree of accuracy ; and 

 under the head of Greece is, no doubt, included a good deal of tobacco 

 only nominally cleared out for that country. 



NEW ICE MACHINE. 



All tbe means hitherto employed for the manufacture of ice com- 

 mercially have left much to desire ; some with regard to the character 

 of the ice obtained, others with respect to the construction of the 

 machines or the fittings ; others also on account of the quality of the ice 

 made, which is sometimes of too small density, rendering the preserva- 

 tion of it difficult, or else of such an aspect and odour as to make its 

 use almost impossible. 



A new inventor has just discovered and patented a system which has 

 no longer the faults, the inconvenience and the danger of others, but 

 offers, on the contrary, immense advantages in its construction, and in 

 the quantity of ice it produces. That inventor is M. Lespine, who has 

 succeeded, after many years of persevering labour, in furnishing for use 

 machines of a rare perfection, of a simple and easy construction, always 

 certain and regular in their action, liable to no explosion or derange- 



