ON THE PERFUMERY TRADE. 177 



butyric ether. The other fruit essences are simply combinations of* the 

 above, sometimes with the addition of vanilla or other flavouring ingre- 

 dients. Nitro-benzole is used by perfumers to give to soap the scent of 

 bitter almonds, which it closely resembles, but the others are principally 

 used by confectioners, and seldom only by perfumers. 



The principal manufacturers of perfumery and toilet soaps reside in 

 London, where they number about sixty, employing a large number of 

 men and women ; for female labour has been introduced since the last 

 fifteen years in almost all the London manufactories, and found to answer 

 very well for all kinds of work requiring more dexterity than strength. 



According to official returns published, the exports of perfumery for 

 the year 1860, amounted to 86,464Z., sub-divided as will be seen in the 

 following table ; we must, however, say that very little reliance is to be 

 placed on those figures, which do not represent perhaps one-fourth of the 

 actual amount exported. Taking for instance the sum given for Aus- 

 tralia at 10,1 45Z., it appears ridiculously small ; there are undoubtedly 

 several manufacturers in London who each and individually ship per- 

 fumery to at least that amount every year — 



Exports op Perfumery from the United 



Kingdom in 1860. 



Countries to which Exported. 



Amounts declared. 



Russia - - - - - 





2,524 



Hamburgh - - - - 



- 



3,522 



Holland - 



- 



1,188 



Belgium - 



- 



1,539 



France -.--■- 



- 



2,018 • 



Egypt - - 



- 



2,050 



China - - - - - 



•- 



4,409 



United States - - - 



- 



6,018 



Brazil - - - - - 



- 



2,316 



British Possessions in South Afrii 



;a 



4,272 



Mauritius - 



- 



1,552 



British India 



- 



20,861 



Australia - 



- 



10,415 



British North America 



- 



2,655 



British West Indies 



- 



7,294 



Other countries - 



- 



13,831 



Total .... 86,464 



This does not include soap, of which 195,183 cwt., valued at 249,538Z. 

 were exported in 1860 ; but as perfumed soaps were not particularised, 

 these figures give us no information. 



The manufacture of perfumery for home consumption is no doubt 

 very extensive, but it is very difficult to ascertain its actual importance ; 

 for besides what is produced by the London perfumers, almost every 



