DYEING AND CALICO PR1N1INU. 311 



wood, (artocarpus integrifolia) A., otf the Kayu Kudrany, &c, of which 

 specimens are exhibited in this department, were imported into this 

 country in such quantities as to receive some practical applications. 



II. Calico Printing. — The printers of Great Britain, though compara- 

 tively few, have shown by many examples that they are well able to 

 avail themselves of the mechanical and chemical means at their dis- 

 posal for producing a large variety of goods fitted, both by design and 

 execution, for this as well as for numerous foreign markets ; and there 

 can be little doubt that the close observer of the goods exhibited, even 

 by a few only of our best printers, will form the opinion that no country 

 surpasses, if it equals Great Britain in the class of snoods called " cheap 

 and fast prints," which class, after all, forms the great staple of our pro- 

 duction, supplying, as it does, the great demands of the million. It 

 should be kept in mind in estimating the comparative merits of dif- 

 ferent styles of printing, that the great aim of the British manufacturer 

 is to find cheap methods of producing in large quantities good, but at 

 the same time low-priced prints ; for some of our printers will turn 

 out as many as a million or a million and a half of pieces in a single 

 year. It follows, therefore, that the printers of Great Britain, as well 

 as those of several other countries, are obliged to .cultivate both pre- 

 cision and rapidity of execution, impossible of attainment with methods 

 which may well remunerate the foreigner who aims at extreme delicacy 

 and finish of workmanship), but whose interest, at the same time, is to 

 produce only in limited quantity. For instance, several of the leading 

 French houses exhibit goods which, at a short distance, appear like 

 embroidery, instead of, as they are, merely prints ; this effect is ob- 

 tained by pasting the entire piece on a long table or frame, and then 

 skilfulty applying the colour with blocks. When the piece has been 

 removed, washed, and finished, the colours have a body, and at the 

 some time, through not having penetrated the substance of the cloth, 

 they acquire a transparency which produces on the eye an effect as if 

 the pattern were in relievo. 



Before entering into the details of die various styles of printing 

 exhibited, and of the methods by which they are produced, it is desir- 

 able to make a few remarks on the distinguishing characteristics of other 

 European countries. 



Austria has never appeared to equal advantage in any previous 

 Exhibition ; the designs are varied and in good taste, and the quality 

 of colour and neatness of impression are alike excellent. 



Though the Zollverein shows no printed calico, there is a good col- 

 lection of printed silk handkerchiefs, and a fine collection of cheap 

 printed shawls and carpets from Saxony. 



Russia has displayed, as already noticed, some goods specimens of 

 Turkey-red dyeing, especially those obtained with the species of madder 

 known by the name of Martna; also a good collection of goods well 

 suited for Eastern markets, especially in the style called Lapis. 



