324 OILS AND FATS, ETC. 



have a granular or flaky surface. No. 3 spr^eada on the thumb like 

 cerate. No. 4 is softer than the pure wax, more sticky, spreads more 

 readily, curls less, but takes the longitudinal streaks. No. 5, very simi- 

 lar to No. 4. No. 6 is like Nos. 1 and 2 in consistence. No. 7, soft, 

 sticky, and of a bad colour. No. 8 spreads like cerate. No. 9>, softer than 

 pure wax, capable of being spread with the finger, curls less than pure 

 wax, and takes a granrdar, mealy surface. No. 10 crumbles into a 

 mealy condition when kneaded. No. 11 spreads like cerate. Perhaps 

 new yellow soap affords the best comparison for the sticky feeling of the 

 samples containing lard, and also of the manner of their spreading on 

 the thumb when rubbed- 



From a comparison of the samples Nos. 9 and 10 with white cake 

 wax, as supplied by wholesale houses of the highest reputation, I airs 

 satisfied that in many cases it is half spermaceti, and in some as much 

 as two-thirds spermaceti to one of wax,, which is supplied to us imde? 

 this name.* 



OILS AND FATS SHOWN AT THE INTERNATIONAL 

 EXHIBITION. 



BY THE EDITOR. 



A very large number of oils, some of them quite new to commerce, 

 were shown at the International Exhibition, and as many of these pro- 

 bably never came under the notice of persons interested, a few notes 

 upon them may be found of practical use in many quarters, accom- 

 panied by some descriptive and statistical details. 



I. — Animal Oils. 



The animal oils and fats are not nearly so numerous as those derived 

 from the vegetable kingdom. 



The principal ones are horse grease, lard, and tallow ; cod, skate, 

 shark, sperm, train, and seal oil, &c. 



Some of these are found in the cellular tissue immediately beneath 

 the skin and between the folds of the lining membrane of the abdomen, 

 others in the liver ; and in the sperm whale, in a triangular cavity in 

 the head. Tire oil in all the above cases is contained in distinct cells, 

 and each cell has its blood vessels. 



In the case of lard, tallow, and other animal fats, the general mode 

 of extraction is to hoil the cellular tissue containing the oil in water, 



* From the 'Chemist and Druggist.' 



