48 SCIENTIFIC NOTES. 



aroma produced by the perfume of flowers which enter into its compo- 

 sition, are calculated to render this soap as agreeable as it is useful. 



Maccaroni. — The best maccaroni is made between Naples and 

 Salerno, and is known there by the name of " Maccaroni della Spiagga." 

 It is made from wheat of the finest quality, and the grain, after being 

 thrashed out (generally in the fields), is carefully spread out upon the 

 flat roofs of houses during the hot weather, and then left exposed to the 

 sun during the day, and. to the dews of the evening and early morning, 

 for a fortnight or three weeks, until by these means it has become quite 

 hard and dry. It is also known by the name of " Maccaroni della Zitta." 



Extraction of Copper from Roasted Pyrites. — In the year 1850 

 Mr. Gossage showed that the copper amounting to about one per cent, 

 in Irish pyrites, could be extracted, and this is still more practicable 

 in the case of Spanish Pyrites, which contain about 3 per cent., and, 

 after roasting, from 5 to 6 p*er cent. The extraction of copper is, how- 

 ever, rarely carried out by the sulphuric acid manufacturer. In 

 England the copper is obtained in the dry way by successive meltings. 

 In France the roasted mineral is exposed to the action of the air, the 

 copper sulphate thus produced is extracted by water, and the metal 

 precipitated by iron. More recently the copper has been extracted as 

 chloride, by melting the roasted mineral with sodium chloride. The 

 method patented by Mr. Henderson, is worked at Mostyn with the 

 pyrites residues from Messrs. Muspratt's works, and works are being 

 erected near Glasgow for treating the residues from Messrs. Tennant's 

 works. 



PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. 

 A Treatise on Colouring Matters Derived from Coal -Tar, &c. By 

 Professor Dussauce. (Trubner & Co.) — Holmes's Magnetie-Electric 

 Light, as Applicable to Lighthouses. 



