146 ON THE ENGINEERING MANUFACTURES 



It may be interesting to notice, at the early date of 1784, the 

 erection on the Tyne of one of Watt's steam engines for the owners of 

 Walker Colliery, by Boulton and Watt. Mr. Losh purchased this 

 engine in 1805 for the Walker Alkali Company, and it may yet be seen 

 working daily at Walker, with its wooden beam and bed plate, and sun 

 and planet crank motion. 



In 1817, Mr. Robert Hawthorn, the present senior partner of Messrs. 

 R. and W. Hawthorn, established the Forth Bank Engine Works, 

 receiving as a partner his brother William in 1820. The increase from 

 eight men in 1817 to nearly 1,000 in 1862 indicates very forcibly the 

 progress of this well-known establishment. 



Table showing the Average Number op Men Employed by 

 Messrs. R. and W. Hawtchorn, from the Commencement op 

 their Works in 1817 to the Year 1862. 



Years. 



Average 

 Men. 



Years. 



Average 

 Men. 



1817 . . . 



. 8 to 10 . 



. 1838 to 1842 . 



. 511 



1818 to 1822 



42 . 



. 1843 to 1847 . 



. 726 



1823 to 1827 . 



108 . 



. 1848 to 1852 . 



. 907 



1828 to 1832 . 



216 . 



. 1853 to 1857 . 



. 890 



1833 to 1837 . 



318 . 



. 1858 to 1862 . 



. 984 



In 1830, Mr. T. D. Marshall, of South Shields, commenced the 

 building of steam tugs, and fitting them with machinery. 



In 1838, the Hartlepool Iron Works were established by Messrs. 

 Thomas Richardson and Sons. These works are now of considerable 

 magnitude. 



In 1814, the Tees Engine Works, now owned by Grilkes, Wilson, and 

 Co., were established for the manufacture of large iron bridges, and 

 similar constructions, locomotives, marine and stationary steam engines, 

 and foundry work. 



In 1847, the Elswick Engine Works'were commenced with about 

 200 men, and although then only engaged in the manufacture of hydraulic 

 and general machinery, there has been a later period (1858) when, 

 with the manufacture of the Armstrong guns, the number of hands 

 employed has amounted to upwards of 4,000. 



In 1847, Mr. Reuoldson, of South Shields, established shops for the 

 construction of engines and boilers for tug steamboats. 



As the increasing commercial interests of this country and the 

 improvements matured in steam power, gave a fresh impetus to 

 engineering manufactures, the undoubted advantages and facilities of 

 this district were appreciated and availed of by Messrs. Palmer Brothers 

 in 1852 ; Messrs. Morrison and Co., in 1853 ; Messrs. Thompson in 

 1856 ; and Mr. David Joy, of Middlesbro', in 1862. 



In referring briefly to the progress and present condition of the 



