OF THE TYNE AND NEIGHBOURING DISTRICTS. 147 



engineering manufactures of the Tyne and neighbouring districts, it 

 will be necessary to classify them under the following heads : — 



1. General machine and mill-work ; 2. Stationary and steam engin 

 eering ; 3. Locomotives ; 4. Marine engineering ; 5. Hydraulic machi- 

 nery ; 6. Iron bridges, viaducts, lighthouses, &c. 



General Machine and Mill Work. — During the past 116 years 

 the following firms have contributed largely to the supply of first-class 

 machine and mill-work of all descriptions : 



Messrs. Hawks, Crawshay, and Co., Gateshead Iron Works ; Messrs. 

 Thomas Murray and Co., Chester de-street ; Messrs. Losh, Wilson, and 

 Bell, Walker Iron Works ; Messrs. R. and W. Hawthorn, Forth Banks 

 Engine Works ; Messrs. R. Stephenson and Co., South street Engine 

 Works ; Messrs. Thomas Richardson and Co., Hartlepool Engine Works ; 

 Messrs. Gilkes, Wilson, and Co., Tees Engine Works ; Messrs. W. G. 

 Armstrong and Co., Elswick Engine Works ; Messrs. Morrison and Co., 

 Ouseburn Engine Works ; Messrs. Thompson and Co., Spring Garden 

 Engine Works. 



With reference to the magnitude of the work undertaken by some 

 of the above firms, it may be stated of Messrs. Hawks, Crawshay, and 

 Co., Messrs. Losh, Wilson, and Bell, Messrs. Thomas Murray and Co 

 Messrs. W. G. Armstrong and Co., and Messrs. Morrison and Co., that 

 single castings have been supplied from 45 tons downwards, and 

 there are capabilities for castings of even 60 tons. 



As every description of paper, corn, lead, and other mills have been 

 extensively constructed, it is impossible to refer to them in detail ; but 

 the erection of a self-acting crane for delivering ballast at St. Anthony's 

 Quay by Messrs. R and W. Hawthorn, at the early date of 1820, is 

 worthy of notice. 



Stationary Steam Engineering. — Steam power was first prac- 

 tically utilised in mining operations, and its application was early 

 introduced in the North Eastern mining districts by several of the 

 engineering firms before referred to ; and the fact that the wants of a 

 large mining district were almost exclusively supplied with steam power 

 by local talent and capital is a satisfactory proof that there were the 

 right men at the right time, to aid by their engineering experience the 

 resources and trade of the district. 



Among the engineering specialities of this district may be mentioned 

 many large winding and blowing engines. Messrs. Hawks, Crawshay, 

 and Co., have cast and bored cylinders of 108 inches diameter for this 

 class of engine. 



In 1822 Messrs. R. and W. Hawthorn first applied steam to drive 

 their lathes, and in 1824 they constructed a 50 HP engine for the Plate 

 Glass Works of Messrs. Cookson and Cuthbert, and this engine is still 

 doing efficient duty. At this period the same firm also fitted a self- 

 acting steam crane, for delivering ballast at Hebburn Quay on the 

 Tyne. 



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