150 



ON THE ENGINEERING MANUFACTURES 



construction in the ports of this district are the early introduction of 

 steam power for towing purposes, and more lately the increasing substi- 

 tution of steam for sails in the coal carrying trade, leading to the intro- 

 duction of screw colliers. These latter may be fairly considered with 

 reference to this district as native productions ; and, furthermore, they 

 have proved stepping-stones to the construction of the higher classes and 

 larger powers of marine engines. 



Statistics having reference to the Introduction of Steam 

 Power for Towing Purposes on the Tyne. 



Date. Name of Steamer. H.P. 



1814 

 1815 

 1816 

 1817 

 1818 

 1819 



1820 



1821 



1822 



Perseverance .... 3 



Swift 3 



Eagle 20 



Enterprise 5 



Speedwell 10 



Hope 6 



Swift 3 



Tyne 10 



Two Brothers ... 9 

 Indefatigable .... 8 

 Duchess of Northumb. . 10 



Navigator 18 



Safety . " 14 



Union 4 



Leniington Packet . . 7 



Engine 

 Builders. 



Crowther 



Watt . . 

 Robson . 

 Robson . 

 Robson . 

 Robson . 

 Robson . 

 Robson . 

 Hawthorn 

 Hawthorn 

 Hawthorn 

 Hawks . 

 Gibson . 

 Hawthorn 



Total number 



employed in 



the United 



Kingdom. 



. . 17 



21 



. 31 



. 40 



. 52 , 



. 64 



. 65 



. 78 



. 79 



. 80 



. 81 



. 117 



. 118 



. 119 



. 143 



As before stated, Messrs. R. and W. Hawthorn were the first of the 

 now existing firms to make engines for steamboats, and during the past 

 ten years especially they have been extensively engaged in fitting marine 

 engines, both paddle and screw, up to 250 HP. In 1859 they applied 

 most successfully to the " Frankfort," 100 HP, of Liverpool, Mr. J. F. 

 Spencer's system of surface condensation, and they have more lately 

 applied the same arrangement with equal success to a pair of 140 HP. 

 screw-engines which they made and fitted into the " London," for the 

 Cadiz trade, the economy of fuel being considerable. 



The same firm have also supplied her Majesty's Government, with 

 150 HP. horizontal screw engines for H. M. S. "Shearwater" — these 

 engines are fitted with separate expansion valves, worked by a second 

 link. 



Messrs. Hawks, Crawshay and Co., have constructed several pairs of 

 marine engines, paddle and screw, for river and sea service, and they date 

 the commencement of this class of work as early as 1821. 



In 1830, Mr. T. D. Marshall, of South Shields, commenced building 



