CHEMICAL MANUFACTURES ON THE. TYNE. 175 



•was produced by the remaining establishments. 250,000Z. worth of the 

 fine soap was exported. The manufacture of this large quantity of soap 

 kept twenty-seven mills in full activity in crushing the oil seeds im- 

 ported, and it gave ample occupation to a large part of the population. 



Next in importance to the manufacture of soap at Marseilles stands 

 the refining of sugar, which gave employment throughout the year to a 

 great number of hands, and a large amount of capital was profitably 

 invested therein. 



The great facilities afforded by the Marseilles market for the impor- 

 tation of the various qualities of wheat from the Black Sea and Algeria, 

 have led to the establishment of numerons flour mills, and to a large 

 manufacture of semolina. About sixty flour mills, furnished with 400 

 pair of mill-stones, grind annually from 1,800,000 to 2,000,000 hecto- 

 litres (687,840 quarters) of wheat, worth about 2,000,000Z., thus giving 

 employment to numerous hands, it being altogether a most thriving 

 branch of business. 



About 1,000 hands were generally occupied in 1861, in and near 

 Marseilles, in the manufacture of salt, soda, and chloride of lime. A 

 dozen establishments, collectively, turn out annually about 250,000 

 metrical quintals of soda, used principally in the manufacture of soap, 

 and about 80,000 metrical quintals of chloride of lime. 



Upwards of 2,000 hands found full occupation and remunerative 

 wages during the year, in five large establishments which exist at Mar- 

 seilles, for the manufacture of marine engines and boilers, and also for 

 repairing the same. They turned out collectively machinery to the 

 extent of 5,500 horse power. Between machines and boilers made, 

 and repairs executed, work was executed by these establishments to 

 the value of 400,000Z. 



CHEMICAL MANUFACTURES ON THE TYNE. 



BT MESSRS. J. C. STEVENSON, R. C. CLAPHAM, AND T. RICHARDSON. 



(Concluded from page 136.) 

 Prussiate of Potash. — The first attempt to manufacture any com- 

 pound of cyanogen in this district was made in the beginning of the last 

 century by a Jew, in Oakwellgate, in Gateshead. He afterwards removed 

 his apparatus to Corbridge, but, failing in producing a saleable article, 

 he discontinued the operation, which was taken up by a Mr. Simpson, 

 who ultimately succeeded in perfecting the process in works erected at 

 Elswick. Mr. Simpson manufactured Prussian anl other kinds of blue 

 colours, and at his death the manufacture was removed to Heworth, 

 where the Messrs. Bramwell have carried on the works since 1758. 

 Prussian blue was the only form in which the cyanogen was produced, 



