196 CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY. 



common salt into the alkali soda, introduces a series of various connected 

 and derivative arts, conducted on a large scale, whose elements are to 

 he found in plastics, and which may constitute a convenient division of 

 enemies, called Salines, or the saline arts. "While we have seen the arts 

 of the preceding class extract the mttals from their ores, the next 

 division of enemies subjects them to sach treatment in solution, as to 

 convert them into many useful compounds, such as pigments, salts 

 employed in dyeing tissues, &c. This group constitutes the Metallosa- 

 lines. The making of fine chemicals and pharmaceutic preparations is 

 connected intimately with the preceding saline arts, being conducted in 

 a similar manner but uii a smaller scale, and with greater nicety ; it also 

 depends chiefly on the products of those arts as its means of action, and 

 partly on them for materials to he acted on. This forms, therefore, the 

 third group of the chemic arts. 



It may have been observed that the arts of the preceding classes are 

 chiefly devoted to the preparation of tools whereby to work upon, 

 vessels wherein to operate upon, or materials wherewith to modify the 

 various crude productions of organic and partly inorganic nature, in 

 order to adapt them to the manifold wants of man, whether to minister 

 to his comfort or luxury. Clothing, food, and the comforts of life are 

 therefore mainly embraced by the following technical processes. The 

 most extended application of the chemical products derived from the 

 preceding class, is to the ornamenting and modification of tissues, which 

 embraces the beautiful and varied arts of dyeing and calico-printing, or 

 ornamenting Textile fabrics. With these are linked the kindred arts of 

 making Sheet-fabrics, paper, leather, &c, as well as working in caout- 

 chouc and gutta percha. Tu modify and ornament fibrous, sheet, and 

 solid tissues, varnishes and cements are employed, and are classed under 

 the general term Adhesives. The principal subjects of this class heing 

 the ornamenting of woven fabrics, it has received the name Calistics 

 (xo-^os, and loros loom.) 



The use of soap for general purposes of cleansing, and chiefly of 

 cleansing textile fabrics, follows the preceding in a natural sequence, 

 and serves to group a series of arts, rather allied by unity of material on 

 which they operate than by unity of object in view. They include the 

 extraction and purification of oils and fats, the preparation of soap, and 

 the various articles of the perfumer ; and, lastly, Illumination, which 

 includes chandlery, the manufacture of gas, with the various substances 

 and apparatus which afford light, such as burning-fluids, lamps, and jets_ 

 Oleics is au appropriate term for the class. 



After the arts which supply man with clothing and minister to 

 other external wants, those which afford him nourishment follow, and 

 ma}- be conveniently grouped under the term Sitepsks, (jtitos, food, and 

 e4"», cook, prepare.) The extraction of farinas and sugar, with the 

 refining of the latter, are followed by their modification under the 

 singular process of fermentation and conversion into alcohol, which in 



