316 INDUSTRIAL MUSEUMS IN THEIR 



much the concern of an industrial museum, as the raw material from 

 which they are elaborated ; and so also are the machines and tools 

 needed for their elaboration, and in effecting the useful application of 

 the elaborated products. 



A large portion, therefore, of the exhibitional galleries of the 

 museum must be assigned — 1. To such finished products as wrought 

 iron, steel, glass, porcelain, paper, leather, cotton, linen, woollen, and 

 silken tissues, naphtha, sugar, sulphuric acid, soap, bleaching powder, 

 lucifer matches, and the like. 2. To all the intermediate products 

 which intervene between such products and their raw materials ; for 

 example, between iron-ore and steel ; between sand and glass ; between 

 clay and porcelain ; between rags and paper ; between skins and 

 leather ; between cotton-wool, flax-fibre, merino-fleece, and cocoon-floss 

 on the one hand, and chintz, linen-damask, broad-cloth, tartan, carpeting, 

 and satin or velvet on the other ; between coals and naphtha ; cane-juice, 

 and loaf-sugar ; sulphur and oil of vitriol ; palm-oil and soap ; com- 

 mon stilt and bleaching powder ; burned bones and lucifer matches. 

 3. To the tools, machines, and apparatus required for the conversion of 

 raw materials into finished products, such as agricultural, mining, and 

 paper-making machinery, furnaces, nulls, lathes, moulds, looms, gas- 

 retorts, stills, planting presses, and the other engines of the graphic arts, 

 and all the manipulative implements of handicraft trades. Many of the 

 objects of this third division would of course be shown only in model, 

 not of their actual size. 4. Besides maehines or instruments of the kind 

 described, the object of which is to transform workable materials into 

 wrought goods, a prominent place in the museum galleries must also be 

 given to those forms of apparatus which are employed in the applica- 

 tion to useful purposes of finished products, and in the exercise of what 

 may be called the Dynamical Industrial Arts. Such instruments are 

 pens, pencils, brushes, thermometers, barometers, compass-needles, 

 lamps for burning solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels, the batteries and 

 other requisites for producing and maintaining the electric light, the 

 whole machinery of the electric telegraph, the whole apparatus of the 

 photographer, and much else. In this department, only the practical 

 forms of those instruments which it includes would be shown ; such 

 refined modifications of thermometer, barometer, electric machine, 

 optical lens, and the like, as theory pronounces best for the purely 

 scientific student, not falling within its province. 



On the one hand, it is important that the idea of the industrial 

 museum should be fully and impartially carried out, and that every 

 economic art should receive its just share of illustration. On the other, 

 it would be culpable folly to collect the same objects in adjoining or 

 neighbouring buildings, and thus needlessly multiply duplicates. The 

 pre-eminently important art of medicine, for example, is so amply cared 

 for by the University, the College of Surgeons, and the College of Phy- 

 sicians, that it would not be necessary for the industrial museum to do 



