320 INDUSTRIAL MUSEUMS IN THEIR 



which they hive dropped before them, and see that their chronometers 

 are set by that. 



IV. I have hitherto referred almost solely to the exbibitional galleries 

 of the museum. To render, however, their contents useful to the public, 

 they must be carefully classified, intelligibly labelled, and described at 

 some length in suitable catalogues. The museum therefore must include 

 ■within its walls a laboratory and workshop, where the nature of unknown 

 substances, and the powers of new machines, may be investigated, and a 

 library where the literature of industrial science may be available for 

 the guidance of the officers of the institution in classifying the contents 

 of the museum. Further, an essential appendage of an industrial 

 museum is a lecture-room, where detailed prelections may be given on 

 the contents of the museum, and where, in addition, the various indus- 

 trial arts may be expounded in relation to the laws and principles on 

 which they are based, and may be illustrated not only by the objects in 

 the exhibitional galleries, but by maps, diagrams, drawings, chemical 

 and mechanical experiments, the exhibition on the small scale of manu- 

 facturing processes, and of machines at work ; as well as through the 

 medium of the other appliances employed in university and other class- 

 rooms by teachers of the physical sciences. 



All the existing industrial museums, except that at Kew, are sup- 

 plemented by laboratory, library, and lecture-room in the way mentioned. 

 All three likewise have, from the first, been associated with the indus- 

 trial museum of Scotland, which, moreover, is the only museum of the 

 kind, or indeed institution in the country, having a special chair of 

 Technology attached to it. 



V. Apart, however, from the importance of those supplementary in- 

 stitutions in enabling the curators of the museum to render it more in- 

 structive to the public, two of them, namely, the laboratory (including 

 the workshop) and the library, may themselves be made directly ser- 

 viceable to the community. 



The laboratories of the industrial museums, besides affording those 

 in charge of the latter the means of examining substances of general 

 economic interest, are at the service of the public in two ways : — 1. As 

 schools of analytical chemistry ; where, for moderate fees, young men 

 may learn the art of chemical analysis as applied to industrial objects. 

 2. As analytical laboratories ; where likewise, for moderate fees, mer- 

 chants or others may have confidential analyses made of substances whose 

 composition they seek for their own guidance to know ; and where the 

 officers of the museums may be consulted by those engaged in legal con- 

 tests, or in other transactions where the services of scientific advisers are 

 required. 



An engineering workshop, as distinguished from a chemical labora- 

 tory, has not yet been fully recognised, so far as I am aware, as one of 

 the complements of an industrial museum, but sooner or later I cannot 

 doubt it will be. I indulge the hope also, that it may be made service- 



