THE TECHNOLOGIST. [August 1, 1864. 



22 ON CHEMISTRY APPLIED TO THE ARTS. 



the galley furnace, and on heat being slowly applied phosphorus distils, 

 and the operation is continued at a high heat for two or three days. It 

 is, however, necessary that the phosphorus thus obtained should be 

 purified, and this is effected by melting the phosphorus under water, and 

 pressing it through a chamois skin. It is then boiled with caustic alkali 

 to remove other impurities : but what is still better is to heat the phos- 

 phorus with a mixture of bichromate of potash and sulphuric acid. The 

 phosphorus thus purified is drawn through slightly conical glass tubes 

 by the suction of a caoutchouc pouch, or is allowed to run by an inge- 

 nious contrivance into tin boxes. As will be seen by the following for- 

 mula, the manufacturer only obtained from the bones one-half of the 

 phosphorus they contain : 



2 (P0 6 , 3 Ca 0)-v-4 S0 3 HO=2 (P0 5 Ca 0, 2 H0)-=-4 (S0 3 Ca 0) 

 Bone phosphate Sulphuric Acid phosphate Sulphate 



of lime. acid. of lime. of lime. 



2 (P0 6 Ca 0) -T- 5 C = P0 5 2 Ca -r- 5 CO -r- P 

 Bi-phosphate Carbon. Pyrophosphate Oxide of Phosphorus, 



of lime. of lime. Carbon. 



Consequently many attempts have been made to devise a chemical reac- 

 tion by which the whole of the phosphorus might be secured. The 

 most successful attempt of late years is that made lay Mr. Cary-Mon- 

 trand, whose process is based on the following chemical reaction : 



ACTION OP HYDROCHLORIC ACID ON BONE PHOSPHATE. 



2 (P0 6 , CaO) -T- 4HC1 = 2 (P0 5 , CaO, 2H0) -=- 4CaCl 

 Bone-Phosphate of Hydrochloric Acid Phosphate Chloride of 



Lime. Acid. of Lime. CalciuA. 



ACTION OP HYDROCHLORIC ACID ON BI-PHOSPHATE. 



2(P0 6 , CaO) + 2HC1 -=- 12C - 2CaCl -r- 12C0 4- 2H 

 Bi-phosphate Hydrochloric Carbon. Chloride of Oxide of Hydrogen, 

 of Lime. Acid. Calcium. Carbon. 



H- 2P 

 Phosphorus. 



He arrives at this result by treating calcined bones with hydrochloric 

 acid ; the liquor is then mixed with charcoal, and the whole dried at a 

 moderate heat. The prepared mass is then introduced into cylinders 

 through which a stream of hydrochloric acid is made to percolate, and, 

 as shown above, chloride of calcium, hydrogen, carbonic oxide, and two 

 proportions of phosphorus are produced. (The process of Fleck was 

 also described.) Phosphorus prepared and purified by the above pro- 

 cesses is a solid, semi transparent body, having a sp. gr. P83, fusing at 

 110-5° F., and boiling at 550°. It is so inflammable that it ignites in 

 the open air at several degrees below its fusing point ; but Professor 

 Graham made, some years ago, the interesting observation that this 

 slow combustion of phosphorus could be entirely checked by the pre- 

 sence of certain combustible vapours. Thus he found that one volume 

 of vapour of naphtha in 1,820 of air, or one volume of vapour of oil of 



