THE TECHNOLOGIST. [August 1, 1864. 



32 NEW MATERIALS FOR PAPER-MAKING. 



rendering the individual insensible of a certain deficiency of food, in 

 virtue of their retardation of the assimilative process. He thinks it 

 probable, likewise, that these substances have a direct nutritive value, 

 especially coffee as drank by the Turks and Arabs with the grounds. 



Professor Lehmann considers that the singular preference of one or 

 other of these beverages by particular nations, as well as the Eastern 

 custom of drinking coffee with the grounds, are not accidental, but have 

 some deeper reason. This reason, he thinks, is to be found in the 

 different effects of the coffee, tea, &c, and the various requirements of 

 the nations by whom they are used, and instances the use of tea by the 

 English, and of coffee by the Germans and French, as in accordance 

 with this view. The diet of the former affords a larger supply of plastic 

 material than that of the latter people ; and while, consequently, the 

 retardation of the assimilative process is an important influence for the 

 German, the proportionately greater nervous stimulus caused by tea is 

 more desirable for the former. The use of coffee with its grounds has 

 its analogue in the use of tea mixed with meal, milk, and butter 

 among the Mongols, and other inhabitants of the Central Asiatic 

 steppes. 



M. Payen, from elaborate experiments, shows that coffee slightly 

 roasted is that which contains the maximum of aroma, weight, and 

 nutrition. He declares coffee to be very nourishing, as it contains a 

 large quantity of nitrogen, three times as much nutriment as tea, and 

 more than twice the nourishment of soup. Chicory contains half the 

 nutriment of coffee. 



NEW MATERIALS FOR PAPER-MAKING. 



At the general meeting of the Paper-Makers' Association of Great 

 Britain and Ireland, held at the Bridge House Hotel, London Bridge, on 

 the 14th June, John Evans, F.R.S., in the chair, one of the speakers, 

 Mr. Scott, of Sunnydale, thus spoke : 



" It seems to me that if the paper trade is to expand as other trades 

 do, and to become a great trade, we must either have full access to rags 

 or we must find a new material : now there is a new material ; but 

 it really appears to some not a very practical suggestion to talk about it, 

 because of the time and money expended in finding out the proper 

 materials. In experiments a great deal of time is lost one way or an- 

 other before we can find a substitute ; but I beg to remind you to look 

 at the progress which the Esparto fibre has made within the last two 

 years. I know the Esparto fibre was tried about ten or fifteen years 

 ago, and was found perfectly unfit for making paper that was market- 



