March 1, 1865.] 



THE TECHNOLOGIST. 



343 



ON CHEMISTRY APPLIED TO THE ARTS. 



BY DR. F. CRACK CALVERT F.R.S., F.C.S. 



A Course op Lectures delivered before the Members of the 

 Society of Arts, 



Lecture VI. 



Flesh : its Chief Constituents, Boiling and Roasting. Animal Black : its Manu- 

 facture and Applications. Various Methods of Preserving Animal Matters. 

 Employment of Animal Refuse in the Manufacture of Prussiate of Potash. A 

 Few Words on the Decay of Organic Matters, and their Fermentation and Putre- 

 faction. 



Flesh. — M. Chevreul, in 1835, and Baron Liebig, in 1845, examined 

 the changes which flesh undergoes when placed in contact with hot 

 and cold water ; and the following table, taken from Liebig's interest- 

 ing work on the chemistry of food, will furnish an idea of the com- 

 position of flesh : — 



Action of Boiling. 

 Coagulated albumen 

 Gelatine 

 In solution 

 164 Fibres and membranes 

 20 

 750 



Cold Water. 



Soluble . 



Insoluble . 

 Fat . 

 Water 



29-5 



60 



30-5 



164-0 



1,000 

 Liebig and Chevreul further succeeded in isolating, from the 30 



parts soluble in water, some of tl: 



Kreatine 

 Kreatinine . 

 Sarcosine 

 Inosinic acid 

 Lactic acid . 

 Guanine (Scherer) 

 Xanthine (Strecker) 

 Glycocale 

 Leucine (Cloetta) 

 Ozmazone 



efol 



owing substances : — 



C 8 H 9 N s 4 + 2 H O 

 C 8 H r N r 2 

 C 6 H r N 3 04 

 C 10 H 6 N 2 10 

 C 6 H s 5 +HO 

 C 10 H 6 N 5 2 

 CioH 4 N 4 4 

 C 4 H 5 Ni 4 

 C 12 H 13 Nx 4 



The most important mineral salts in flesh are the acid phospbate and 

 lactate of lime, and, according to Frenxy, the acid phosphate of potash and 

 chloride of potassium. The above statement shows that flesh is a most 

 complicated substance, and it is easy to conceive that this must be so, when 

 it is remembered that it is derived from blood, of which it contains 

 a large amount ; but a most interesting and curious fact is, that whilst blood 

 is rich in salts of soda and poor in salts of potash, in flesh tbe relative pro- 

 portion of these salts is directly reversed. Another interesting fact is the 

 small amount of solid matter contained in flesh, and also the small amount 



