THE TECHNOLOGIST. 



[April 1, 1865. 



THE COMMERCIAL USES OF 



London, where they number about sixty, employing a large number of 

 men and women ; for female labour has been introduced nearly twenty 

 years in almost all the London manufactories and found to answer very 

 well for all kinds of work requiring more dexterity than strength * 



Nice. 



According to the official returns published, the exports of British- 

 made perfumery for the year 1863 amounted to 106,789?. ; we must, 

 however, say that very little reliance is to be placed on these figures, 

 which do not represent, perhaps, one-fourth of the actual amount ex- 

 ported. 



Next to Hungary-water the most ancient perfume now in use is eau- 

 de-Cologne, or Cologne-water, which was invented in the last century by 

 an apothecary residing in that city. It can, however, be made just as 

 well anywhere else, as all the ingredients entering into its composition 

 come from the South of France and Italy. Its perfume is extracted 

 principally from the flowers, leaves, and rind of the fruit of the bitter 

 orange and other trees of the Citrus family, which blend well together, 

 and form an harmonious compound. 



The toilet vinegar is a sort of improvement on eau-de-Cologne, con- 

 taining balsams and vinegar in addition to the above. Lavender-water 

 was formerly distilled with alcohol from fresh flowers, but is now pre- 

 pared by simply digesting the essential oil in spirits, which produces 



* I believe I was the first to employ female labour in England, and I am happy 

 to say my example was soon followed. 



