May 1, 1865.] THE TECHNOLOGIST. 



MATERIA MEDICA OF BAGHDAD, ETC. 461 



material at command, and such ingenious and industrious artizavis, 

 they may soon vie with any of their predecessors in the trade. 



Austria has followed progress by adopting every improvement, and 

 the manufacturers are maintaining their just reputation for judicious 

 selections of wool yarn. There are eighty-nine manufacturers in 

 Vienna ; six of the largest of them have their own finishing depart- 

 ments, and there are eight establishments for finishing only. Other 

 nations have devoted their industry to the production of woollen fancy 

 and tartan shawls, but the three countries of France, Austria, and Great 

 Britain are the chief producers. 



There is a peculiarity in the character of a real Kashmir shawl, as 

 well in originality of design as in solidity and durability, which, not- 

 withstanding the enormous difference of cost, will retain its value in 

 the eyes of those who can afford to pay it. The finer description 

 cannot be purchased in the Valley under 300 to 1,500 rupees for squares 

 and 450 to 2,000 rupees for long. 



MATERIA MEDICA OF BAGHDAD AND THE PUNJAB. 



BY M. C. COOKE. 



In further illustration of my communication (vol. iv., p. 537), " On 

 the Vegetable Materia Medica sold in the Bazaars of Baghdad," I am 

 glad to be enabled to add some very valuable notes, which I have since 

 received, in a communication from J. L. Stewart, Esq., Officiating Con- 

 servator of Forests at Lahore. " The study of native Indian drugs, as 

 drugs, is an unprofitable one, but I have been led to pay some attention 

 to them for years past in connection with botanising, my own pursuit. 

 My observations have been confined to the North-west Provinces and 

 Punjab, and so far as regards locality my notes only refer to them. 



Abhul. — Juniperus communis is common in parts of the Himalayas, 

 and the Abhul or Huber of our bazaars is probably its fruit. 



Anisun is always applied only to Pimpinella, in India. 



Asarun. — Every bazaar specimen examined is the root of Valeriana, 

 of which several species are common in the Himalayas. 



Ashbeh, sometimes translated sarsaparilla, is very rare in our 

 bazaars ; supposed by some to be a Smilax. 



Asl-es-sus. — Glycyrrliiza extract is brought from the West. The 

 liquorice root is generally, I believe, that of Abrus precatorius, a com- 

 mon wild plant in the North-west Provinces and Bengal. 



Babunej. — Our Babuna is generally Matricaria suaveolens, common 

 in gardens, but several wild species are also used. 



