MUSCI AND HEPATIC 
OF THE 
UNLTED S82TAJ BS 
EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI. 
Orper 139. MUSCI. (Mossss.*) 
Low, tufted plants,.always with a stem and distinct (sessile) leaves, i 
ducing spore-cas es which open by a terminal lid (except in Nos. 1- ee 
contain simple spores alone. Reproductive organs of two kinds: gor 
sterile (male) flower, consisting of numerous (4-20) minute cried 
sacs (antheridia) which discharge from their apex a mucous fluid filled wi 
oval any: ae bog eaters ro The fertile rage? a of monn 
ous (4 J istillidia 
nous evertag (calyptra), terminated by a long pase —— 
tube (style). The ripened archegonium (seldom more than one in a flow- 
er maturing) becomes the capsule, which is rarely ssdehassiies 6 or splitting 
by 4 longitudinal slits, but usually opens by a lid (operculum): beneath the 
operculum, and arising from the mouth of the capsule, are commonly 1 or 2 
igid processes Senate d the peristome) which are always some 
multiple of four: those of the outer row are called teeth ; those of the 
inner row, cilia, their stance smaller processes, ciliole. An elastic 
a of no (annulus) lies between the rim of the capsule and aR 
wdery particles filling the capsule are spores or sporules. 
iad like stalk (pedicel) supporting the capsule is inserted into the dias 
gated torus (vaginula) of the flower. The pedicel continued through the 
capsule forms the columella ; when enlarged uniformly under the capsule, it 
forms an apophysis ; sea protuberant on one side only, a struma. The 
calyptra separating ear at its base is carried up on the apex of the cap- 
sule; if it splits on one ite it is hood-shaped or cuculliform, if not, it is 
