92 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 



types, and though somewhat related to them, they were at least equally 

 related to the Indian. 



The far Northwest of the American continent contains thus no less 

 than five distinct though basically related strains of the native man. 

 These are: i, the long- and high-headed Eskimo of the Seward Pe- 

 ninsula, Barrow, and generally eastward to Labrador and Greenland ; 

 2, the broader- and medium- to high-headed Eskimo of East Cape, the 

 Diomedes, Norton Sound, the rivers from Yukon southward and the 

 proximal parts of the Peninsula; 3, the broad- and low-headed late 

 Aleut, extending from the central parts of the Peninsula and the 

 Aleutian chain, some of whom still live in those regions ; 4, the oblong- 

 medium to high-headed pre-Aleut, in individuals somewhat Eskimoid, 

 in others more Indian in their characteristics, extending originally 

 over all the Aleutian Islands and to Kodiak ; and 5, the Indian tribes 

 of the great rivers, Cook Inlet, and farther eastward. These Indian 

 tribes themselves present two or three different strains : the oblong- 

 headed Shageluks, the interior Tinneh (Dene) tribes, and the Thlin- 

 kits or Kolushans of the Gulf region and southeastern Alaska. 



There are no clear lines of demarcation, however, between these 

 different types ; their averages, especially in the male adults, differ 

 distinctly, but their extreme measurements connect, especially in the 

 children and women. This is particularly true of the broad-headed 

 Eskimo, the late Aleut, and the Cook Inlet and more eastern Indians. 

 The whole region impresses the observer as a human " nursery " con- 

 stituted by several related strains of Asiatics, from which either the 

 pronounced Eskimo or typical Indian could readily have developed. 

 The pre-Aleut people of the islands could perhaps be conceived as a 

 more protean stock, from which either true Eskimo or true oblong- 

 headed Indians may in time have arisen. It is in all probability the 

 same strain as that found in the older layers of the mounds at Van- 

 couver and elsewhere in the northwestern regions. The archeological 

 indications are that this strain moved from the west eastward, and not 

 the reverse as seems to be the case with the Aleut. 



In addition to the above the expedition found, on Agatu Island, a 

 new chipped-stone industry, belonging to the pre-Aleut people ; en- 

 larged considerably the cultural materials from Amoknak Island, 

 L nalaska ; obtained new types of lamp and of stone and wooden ob- 

 jects from Kashega and other places ; added a series of mummies with 

 specimens of the decorated weaving art in matting from Shiprock, 

 Umnak Pass : and examined sites and made collections at Yakutat. 

 Nuchek. Wisslow Island, Chernovski (Unalaska), Kashega (Una- 

 laska), Umnak, Kagamil, Amlia, Atka, Adak, Tanaga, Ilak, Attu, 



