10© SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 



that forms the present floor of the valley. When first seen they were 

 protruding from the bank of the stream 2 feet below the present 

 surface and several feet above the water line (fig. 115). They were 

 just above a bed of hard red clay that forms the substratum for the 

 area. The bison skulls were scooped out by a grader gathering dirt 

 to be used on the dam. They were together, forming a single group, 

 and no other bones accompanied them. They came from the same 

 horizon as the points, and although conclusions cannot be formed 

 from material not actually in situ, it seems reasonably certain that 

 they belong to the same period of deposition as that represented by 

 the points. The skulls are definitely those of modern buffalo. Numer- 

 ous flakes and chips of stone, pieces of charcoal, and traces of ashes 

 occur at the same level. These suggest a surface of occupation and 

 the possibility of the remains of a camp nearby. 



There are several places in the vicinity of Sundance where stone 

 artifacts are found on the surface, and many local residents have 

 sizeable collections gathered from them. All of these were seen and 

 studied and a dozen more Yuma points, either complete or represented 

 by easily identifiable fragments, noted. There were no points or frag- 

 ments of the Folsom type. The collections also contain many examples 

 of the barbed arrowheads so widely used by the Plains Indians, as 

 well as knives and scrapers, none of which exhibit characteristics of 

 the Folsom tools of similar form and purpose. One group of points 

 from a single location on a hillside a short distance from Sundance is 

 of particular interest because all are of the same type as an example 

 obtained from a stratum lying 2 feet above the Folsom layer at the 

 Lindenmeier site. They apparently are older than the ubiquitous 

 barbed arrowhead, but are much later than Folsom. Their occurrence 

 with Yuma specimens indicates that in the Sundance area, at least, 

 there was a much later survival for the Yuma than for the Folsom. 



In the vicinity of Mortlach, Saskatchewan, are a number of "blow- 

 outs"' that developed as a concomitant of the droughts and high winds 

 prevailing there in recent years. They are much like the "blow-outs" 

 in the plains districts farther south in the United States. At various 

 places the completely dried out top soil has been swept from the sur- 

 faces of fields, exposing a hard, grayish-black, sandy-clay deposit. 

 Animal bones and stone implements are weathering out of this sub- 

 stratum (fig. 116), and large collections of points and other tools have 

 been gathered by local people interested in Indian artifacts. The exis- 

 tence of these sites was called to the writer's attention in the autumn 

 of 1937 by Kenneth F. Jones, of Mortlach. Letters and pictures sent 

 by Mr. Jones indicated that he had found portions of Folsom points, 



