112 



SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 



Fig. 117. — The ruins of Old Panama, built in 1519 and the oldest European city 

 on the American mainland, cover a hidden story of archeology. 



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Fig. 118. — Llamas, well adapted to high altitudes, graze at 14,000 feet in 

 the Peruvian Andes. Though only 14 degrees south of the Equator, large 

 glaciers cap the i8,ooo-foot peaks in the background. 



