/8 SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 



found a large and very important collection of neolithic skeletal re- 

 mains from the Angara River and Baikal Lake regions. Here also 

 the writer was enabled to make three highly instructive trips along 

 the Angara to paleolithic and neolithic sites, some of which were 

 then being excavated by Russian scientists. 



The total number of Siberian crania examined and measured by 

 the writer on this trip was 606. This includes large and particularly 

 interesting series of the Chukchi, Ostiaks, Tungus. and the neolithics 

 of the Irkutsk region. It will, of course, take time to elaborate the 

 data, but it may be said at once that the examinations showed un- 

 mistakable relations between the Chukchi and the American Eskimo, 

 between the Siberian and the American brachycranic strains, and be- 

 tween the Siberian neolithics and the Shoshonean-Californian- 

 Algonquin cranial types of America. In addition to this, the neolithic 

 archeological materials of Siberia were found to show many close 

 similarities to the archeological remains of the Aleutian Islands, 

 Alaska, and other parts of the New World. 



The writer also was given, for the United States National Museum, 

 at both the Leningrad and the Moscow Anthropological Institutes 

 and at the Institute of the Peoples of the Far North (Leningrad), 

 series of portraits of individuals from different Siberian tribes whose 

 physiognomies closely resemble those of American Indians. 



The writer had the further privilege, partly at Leningrad and 

 partly at Moscow, of seeing the skull, remains of bones, and asso- 

 ciated cultural materials of a Neanderthal child from Uzbekistan, in 

 Central Asia. These were shown him by Dr. A. Okladnikov, the dis- 

 coverer, and by Professor Plissetzky, under whose direction the 

 specimens were restored. This is a find of outstanding anthropologi- 

 cal importance, and the skull, lower jaw and teeth are in excellent 

 condition. The first cast of the skull was kindly promised by Pro- 

 fessor Plissetzky, the director of the Moscow Anthropological Insti- 

 tute, to the United States National Museum. 



Still another favor was obtained by the writer at the anatomical 

 department at the Irkutsk University. This consisted of the exchange 

 of one of the Indian-like neolithic crania from the Angara region for 

 some American specimens. 



A very gratifying observation in the Soviet Union was that arche- 

 ological, ethnographical, and other anthropological research, both in 

 the field and in the institutions, shows everywhere a vigorous revival. 



The new Museum of Man at Paris, was found to be a huge and 

 beautifully furnished establishment, occupying a prominent place on 

 the site of the former Trocadero. 



