No. 397-] ZOOLOGY OF THE HORN EXPEDITION. 31 
that the marsupials came from the north, any more than it proves 
that the fish Galaxias is an immigrant from Asia. At the same 
time Mr. Lydekker admits that the rats are comparatively recent 
immigrants, and that because of their small size they may have 
been introduced without direct land connection. 
After reading Professor Spencer's summary of evidence, and 
examining an atlas of the southern circumpolar regions, one is 
forced to admit the extreme probability of this ancient connec- 
tion of southern lands, including South America, Australia, and 
New Zealand. We may also add Africa, in the light of Mr. 
Spencer Moore’s paper on the origin of the Australian flora, 
published in Natural Science, September and October, 1899. 
Mr. Moore speaks of this land connection practically as an 
axiom of science. Dr. Moreno’s publication in Mature, Aug. 
4, 1899, of the discovery of Miolania in the Tertiary of Pata- 
gonia, also of diprotodon and other marsupials in the same 
deposits, adds evidence on the subject which is well-nigh 
conclusive. 
DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY 
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY. 
