46 THE AMERICAN NATURALIST. [Vor. XXXIV. 
tains nectar in a spur near the base. Female species of Bom- 
bus, in their haste to obtain the nectar, frequently puncture the 
tube a short distance above the spur. The flowers are slightly 
proterogynous. The stigma usually stands a few millimeters 
in advance of the anthers, but in several instances I have seen 
it resting directly against them, so that self-fertilization may 
occur. The color is greenish-yellow. The flowers are visited 
by Bombus vagans Sm., 9, and several small bees. The bloom- 
ing season is from May 7 to I5. 
The genus Lonicera includes about 100 species, chiefly 
natives of the north temperate zone. According to the visi- 
tors which pollenize the flowers, they may be divided into wasp 
flowers, bee flowers, bumblebee flowers, hawk-moth flowers, and 
bird flowers. 
1. Wasp Flowers. — In the Alps, L. alpigena L. is adapted 
to wasps. The tube is short, with a prominent pouch-like 
receptacle which contains abundant honey; the entrance is 
protected by stiff hairs. The lower lip affords a convenient 
landing place. An insect comes in contact first with the 
stigma and subsequently with the anthers. Müller states that 
the flowers are homogamous, but according to Kerner they are 
proterogynous. The color is reddish-brown. Müller observed 
in the Alps 2 species of wasps in great numbers ; Bombus, 3; 
other bees, 4; Syrphidz, 2; Lepidoptera, 2; Coleoptera, 2. 
2. Melittophilous, or Bee Flowers. — L. tartarica L. and L. 
nigra L. are visited by both the larger and smaller bees. The 
stigma and anthers in both species ripen simultaneously and 
are in close proximity; bees push their way into the flower 
between them and come in contact with both. Self-fertiliza- 
tion may occur by the insect thrusting the anthers against the 
stigma. JL. ¢artarica is pink or white, with a tube 6 mm. long, 
and in Germany is visited by: Apida, 2; Andrenidz, 1; Syr- 
phidz, 1 (Müller). Upon Z. zzgra, Apis, Bombus, and numer- 
ous smaller bees and flies have been observed. 
3. Bombus Flowers. — The length of the tube in the bumble- 
bee flowers varies from 3 to 15 mm., while the proboscis of the 
largest bees is 21 mm. long. The stamens diverge so widely 
that the smaller bees and flies may never touch the stigma. 
