No. 397.] VISITORS OF THE CAPRIFOLIACEAE. 47 
Self-fertilization may occur. The color is pale yellow, or 
yellow. 
LENGTH OF OTHER aes 
Tuse In | Bom- |Hymen- Fes T 
DOP- TOTAL. 
MILLI- BUS. OP- TERA. 
TERA. 
METERS. TERA. 
L. xylosteum, Westphalia, Müller 3- 4 2 I 2 5 
L. caerulea, Alps, Müller . . 6- 7 6 II 3 2 22 
L. pimp Illinois, Reberisón 14-18 2 I I 4 
4. Sphingophilous, or Hawk-moth Flowers. — L. caprifolium 
L. and Z. periclymenum L. are adapted to crepuscular and noc- 
turnal Lepidoptera, especially to the hawk moths; while bees 
are only accidental visitors. The flowers are two-lipped and, 
when in bloom, stand nearly horizontal. The anthers turn 
their pollen-covered sides upward, and the whole underside of 
the moth is covered with pollen. The stigma protrudes so far 
in advance of the anthers that self-fertilization is not likely to 
occur. The honey is abundant and is secreted in the lowest 
part of the corolla tube, while in the non-twining honeysuckles 
the corolla possesses a honey-forming expansion above the base.! 
The flowers expand in the evening, when they exhale their fra- 
grance most strongly. 
L. caprifolium has a tube 30 mm. long and 1 or 2 mm. wide. 
The color is purplish without and white within. Müller collected 
upon the flowers in Westphalia: Sphingide, 6; other Lepi- 
doptera, 4. The proboscis of the large hawk moth, Sphinx 
convolvuli, is 65 to 80 mm. in length. The fragrance of the 
honeysuckle is perceived by this moth at a long distance. 
Kerner removed one of these moths to a part of the garden 
300 yards away from the honeysuckle and marked it with 
cinnabar. “When twilight fell, the hawk moth began to wave 
the feelers which serve it as olfactory organs hither and thither 
a few times, then stretched its wings and flew like an arrow 
through the garden to the honeysuckle.” The same observer 
States that butterflies pass over the flowers without pausing, 
! Kerner, The Natural History of Plants, vol. ii, pp. 177, 178. 
