EHE 
AMERICAN NATURALIST 
Vor. XXXIV. february, 1900. : No. 398. 
THE ANGULATION OF THE LIMBS OF PRO- 
BOSCIDIA, DINOCERATA, AND OTHER. 
QUADRUPEDS, IN ADAPTATION 
TO WEIGHT. 
HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN. 
WITH material which in most cases belongs to several indi- 
viduals the reconstruction of an extinct animal requires the 
greatest care and skill. When the proportions are determined 
the work is merely begun, for delicate calculation is needed to 
give the spine its proper curvature, to place the head in its 
true position, and then to give the bones of the fore and hind 
limbs their natural angles with each other. The angulation is 
most important because it finally determines the elevation of 
the body of the animal above the ground. Few of the mounted 
skeletons in our museums have the limbs correctly placed, and 
the drawings of skeletons, even in the best T are often at 
fault in this respect. 
Professor Marsh's statement in his monograph upon the 
Dinocerata, that in my restoration of Loxolophodon published 
in 1881, *the bones of the fore limb are in a position impos- 
sible in life,” led me some years ago to study the means of 
