92 THE AMERICAN NATURALIST. [Vor. XXXIV. 
only 4°, the elephant angle being 105°, while the Loxolophodon 
angle is 109?. This greater inclination is trifling when com- 
pared with the 130? of inclination seen in the rhinoceros, but 
it indicates that the humerus of Uintatherium was slightly more 
inclined and the elbow was slightly more bent than that of the 
elephant; the limb as a whole was therefore slightly more bent 
both in the standing position and in extreme extension. 
The motions and positions of the elephant's limb, as shown 
by instantaneous photography, are very surprising. It is safe 
to say that the study of the skeleton alone would have given us 
a very faulty conception of this animal. The two most striking 
features are the great play of the wrist joint and the straight- 
ness of the limbs. Fig. 5 is an accurate tracing of a photo- 
graph of * Hebe," in a standing position, taken by Schreiber 
& Sons, of Philadelphia. The skeleton fore limb, reduced to 
the same scale, is sketched in, with as much flexure at the 
elbow joint as a fair allowance for the enveloping muscles will 
permit. It shows that, in standing, the bones of the fore limb 
are in a nearly vertical line from the scapula downwards. The 
elbow joint is, in fact, much straighter in extreme extension 
than we should have inferred experimentally by fitting the 
bones of the arm and fore arm together. 
The conclusion is that the motions and positions of the 
limbs in the ponderous representatives of the most highly 
