312 THE AMERICAN NATURALIST. [VoL. XXXIV. 
the Intelligence”; thirteen as ** Evolution of the Human Species”’; 
* Relations between the Function and the Organ"; twenty as 
* Ethnic Evolution”; “ Ancient and Modern Races"; thirteen as 
* Abnormal Human "Variations" ; * Retrogression and Degenera- 
tion"; and twelve as * Anthropologic Technique." 
In the Bulletin de la Société d' Anthropologie de Paris, Tome X, pp. 
328-381, appears a valuable paper by M. G. M. Soularus, entitled 
* Recherches sur les dimensions des os et les proportions squelet- 
tiques de l'homme dans les different races." In his introduction 
M. Soularus reviews the history of the study of the long bones of the 
human skeleton from the time of White — whom he persistently calls 
* Witte" — to the recent investigations of Manouvrier, to whom he 
acknowledges his indebtedness for the idea of measuring the circum- 
ference of the bones and deriving an index by comparison with the 
length. One hundred and seventy-four skeletons were measured, of 
which thirty-four were of the white race, sixty-five of the black, thirty- 
two of the American, twenty-four of the yellow, and sixteen of the 
Malayo-Polynesian race. 
The conclusions are that the femur is shortest among the Ameri- 
cans, and the largest among the Europeans. The average length of 
femur among the negroes is equal to that of the whites of North 
Africa. As to the yellow race, it occupies a median position between 
the whites and negroes. Though the femur of the Americans is the 
shortest, it is the largest in circumference. The European index 
and diameter is greater than the negro. 
In the males the tibia is shortest among the yellow race and the 
Americans ; negroes and Europeans are equal; the longest average 
occurs among the Polynesians. Here again the race with the short- 
est tibia has the bone of largest diameter. __ : 
The shortest humerus is found among the negroes, the longest 
among Europeans. The yellow race and the Americans have a 
humerus but little longer than that of the negroes. But the diam- 
eter, and hence the index, is always least in the negro group. 
After comparing the individual bones of the two sexes the author 
arrives at the following general conclusions : 
1. The average length of the bones, their circumference, and their 
index of section vary in each race and in each sex. 
The relation of the circumference of a long bone with its length 
is also variable. In general, the shorter the bone the greater its 
relative circumference. Sexual differences are greatest in the yellow 
race and among Europeans, least among the Arabs and negroes. 
